高二英语选修6三单元语法 虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。虚拟语气条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与过去相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词例：IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。与过去相反Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycouldhavedoneiteasilythatday.1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn‘thavedoneitmuchbetterlikethis.IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegoneIfhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfIhowtoswim,Itrappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeenIfthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与现在相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去式should/would/could/might+动词原形例：IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.hadHIVwouldfeelwerewouldbe与现在相反Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.IfI____ateacher,I….were条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与将来相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去式IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+should+动词原形IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+wereto+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形1.Iftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttime,Icouldtrymybest.2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.3.Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.与将来相反如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontimewishInSubjunctivemood虚拟语气的特殊用法：1IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.wish+did(与事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望)另外DemandSuggestOrderProposeRequestCommandInsist…etc+(should)do表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等2asif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想象的事物Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself.主语从句中的虚拟语气在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形[例句]1.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。3虚拟语气几个特例1.ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.2.It’s(high/right)timethat…that从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should+doIt’stimethatyouleft/shouldleavehere.3.一些介词短语,如:butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Butformybrother'shelp,Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime.Ihadtodosth.moreimportant,otherwiseImighthavehelped.虚拟语气几个特例•Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.•A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed•C.wouldmissD.missed•2.—Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.•—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.•A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetaken•C.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttakenExercises√√3.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget4.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been√√5.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken√√•7.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.•A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen•C.shouldfallD.weretofall√•8.Ifit________sohard，we’dgototown.•A.isn’trainingB.weren’training•C.doesn’trainD.hasrain•9.IwishI________youyesterday.•A.sawB.didsee•C.hadseenD.weretosee√√•10.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.•A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreed•C.wouldn’tagreeD.notagree•11.Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter________arichman.•A.wouldbeengagedtoB.beengagedto•C.shouldengagedtoD.mustbeengagedto√√•12.You________earlier.Thebusleftamomentago.•A.wouldcomeB.shouldhavecome•C.mustcomeD.couldhavecome•13.Shemadeasuggestionthattheplan________carefully.•A.beconsideredB.wasconsidered•C.shouldconsiderD.wouldbeconsidered√√