年产20万吨硫酸生产车间工艺设计

毕业设计说明书年产20万吨硫酸生产车间工艺设计学生姓名：学号：学院：系名：专业：指导教师：年月年产20万吨硫酸生产车间工艺设计摘要硫酸是最重要的基础化工原料之一，主要用于制造磷肥及无机化工原料，其次作为化工原料广泛应用于有色金属的冶炼、石油炼制和石油化工、橡胶工业以及农药、医药、印染、皮革、钢铁工业的酸洗等。本设计以硫磺为原料生产硫酸，因为以硫磺为原料生产硫酸不需净化，大大简化了工艺过程，节省投资费用，且产品质量高。本设计完成了年产20万吨硫酸生产车间工艺设计，介绍了硫酸生产的主要方法和成熟的工艺流程。主要内容包括原料熔硫工段、焚硫转化工段、干吸工段及主要设备的选择、环保措施等。完成了化工设计的各个设计环节，达到了设计目标。经分析，设计技术可靠，经济合理。在设计过程中，还重点对废水处理进行了分析。关键词：硫酸；硫磺制酸；焚烧炉；转化塔TheProductionProcessDesignoftheWorkshopforSulfuricacidwithanAnnualOutputof200,000TonsAbstractSulfuricacidisoneofthemostimportantbasicchemicalrawmaterials,mainlyusedinthemanufactureofphosphatefertilizerandinorganicchemicalrawmaterials,asachemicalrawmaterial,itiswidelyusedinnon-ferrousmetalsmelting,petroleumrefiningandpetroleumchemicalindustry,rubberindustry,aswellaspesticides,pharmaceuticals,printinganddyeing,leatherpicklingofironandsteelindustry.Thisdesignisusedsulfuricacidasrawmaterialtoproductsulfur,thusitproductssulfurwithoutpurification,theprocessisgreatlysimplifiedtosaveinvestmentcostsandgainhighproductquality.Itisanannualoutputof200,000tonsofsulfuricacidproductionplantprocessdesign,introducesthemainmethodsofsulfuricacidproductionandmatureprocess.Themaincontentsincludetherawmaterialsulfurmeltingsection,andburningsulfurconversionsection,dryingandabsorptionsectionandthemajorequipmentsselection,environmentalprotectionmeasures.Itcompletesvariouslinksofthechemicalengineeringdesign,andachievesthedesignobjectives.Throughtheanalysisofthedesign,designtechnologyisreliable,andthedesigniseconomicalandreasonable.Inthedesignprocess,itisalsofocusingonwastewatertreatment.Keywords:Sulfuricacid;ProducingSulfuricAcidbySulfur;Thestoveofsulfur;Conversiontower第I页，共66页目录1引言.............................................................11.1概述............................................................11.2全球硫酸工业概况................................................11.3我国工业概况....................................................11.4硫酸的性质......................................................21.4.1物理性质......................................................21.4.2浓硫酸的化学性质..............................................31.4.3稀硫酸的化学性质..............................................51.4.4相对密度......................................................51.4.5硫酸的结晶温度................................................61.4.6硫酸的热容、热焓..............................................61.4.7硫酸的沸点蒸气压和蒸气组成....................................71.5硫酸几种不同的生产工艺..........................................71.5.1以硫磺为原料..................................................71.5.2以硫铁矿含伴生硫铁矿为原料....................................81.5.3冶炼烟气和其它原料............................................91.6低浓度二氧化硫气体的处理........................................91.7硫酸污水处理...................................................101.8二氧化硫尾气...................................................102工艺流程........................................................102.1快速熔硫与液硫过滤工段.........................................102.2转化工段.......................................................112.2.1二氧化硫转化反应的基本原理...................................122.2.2二氧化硫转化三氧化硫工艺操作条件选择和选定理由...............132.3吸收工段.......................................................212.3.1吸收流程配置的方式...........................................222.3.2吸收工段的流程...............................................222.3.3吸收工段主要工艺指标分析.....................................22第II页，共66页2.4废热回收工艺...................................................232.5关于低温位热能回收工艺.........................................233物料衡算........................................................253.1设计要求：....................................................253.2物料衡算.......................................................253.2.1硫磺焚烧的物料衡算...........................................253.2.2转化器物料衡算...............................................253.3热量衡算.......................................................283.3.1热量衡算的目的...............................................283.3.2热量衡算依据.................................................283.3.3各物质热力学参数[23]（标况下）.................................283.3.4各工段的热量衡算.............................................284主要设备的设计与选型............................................364.1焚硫炉.........................................................364.2转化塔.........................................................374.3干吸塔.........................................................394.4气体换热器.....................................................394.5空气鼓风机.....................................................434.6循环吸泵.......................................................434.7废热锅炉.......................................................444.8过热器和省煤器.................................................454.9设备一览表.....................................................455车间布置........................................................475.1车间布置的任务................................................475.2车间布置的基本原则.............................................485.3车间布置设计的一般要求.........................................485.4车间布置......................................................505.5装置