英语五种基本句型及巩固练习

2020/7/21英语基本句型-1主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.2020/7/22巩固练习1．她昨天回家很晚。2．会议将持续两个小时。3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5．每天八时开始上课。6．这个重五公斤。7．五年前我住在北京。8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。2020/7/231.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.2020/7/249.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.2020/7/25Translatethefollowingsentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.TheschoolwhereIstudyliesbythebeautifullake.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.14他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.15.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.Thesleepingbabysmiles.2020/7/2616.爱叫的狗不咬人.Barkingdogsseldombite.17.乐于助人者总是主动助人.Awillinghelperdoesn’twaituntilheisasked.18.虽然在下大雨,但火车还是准时到达.Thetrainarrivedontimethoughitrainedhard.19.他通过乞讨为生.Helivesbybegging.20.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.Someanimalsherehavediedout.21.可怜的TOM穿得破破烂烂.ThepoorTomdressedpoorly.2020/7/2722.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.Thesickmanmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthaveadietwithoutsugar.23.我的腿还在疼.Mylegstillhurts.24.火已经熄灭了.Thefirehasgoneout.25.最后他们赢了.Theywonintheend.26.1937年爆发了抗日战争.TheAnti-Japanesebrokeoutin1937.27.她不再哭了.Shedidn’tcryanymore.2020/7/2828.他一直走到山边.Hewalkedasfarasthehillside.29.这支笔很好写。Thepenwritessmoothly.30.这些苹果很好卖.Theseapplessellwell.31.水果不易保鲜.Fruitscan’tkeepwell.32.这种布很易洗.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.33.她高兴地跳起来了.Hejumpedwithjoy.2020/7/2934.你做得很好。Youaredoingwell/fine.35.表坏了。Theclockdoesn’tworknow.36.用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些.Ahousebuiltofstoneslastslongerthanthatbuiltofwood.37.李教授,很多学生想见你.是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等?ProfessorLi,manystudentswanttoseeyou.Shalltheywaithereoroutside?38.她疼得哭了起来.Shecriedwithpain.2020/7/21039.校长笑着进来了。Theheadmastercameinwithalaugh/smile.40.这间房子的窗户朝南.Thewindowofthishousefacessouth.41.你是谁没关系.但你会干什么有关系.Itdoesn’tmatterwhoyouare,butitmatterswhatyoucando.42.我在这里一直等到10点钟.Iwaitedhereuntil10o’clock.43.他急急忙忙地走了.Heleftinahurry.44.两天后,天放晴了.Twodayslater,itclearedupintheend.2020/7/21145.汽车的价格会下降的.Thepriceofthecarwillgodown/fall.46.这本杂志什么时候会出版?Whenwillthemagazinecomeout?47.这个工程什么时候开工?Whenwilltheprojectstart?48.他为什么哭了?Whydidhecry?49.这个事情怎么发生的?Howdidithappen?50.除了你,还有三个人赢了。Besidesyou,threeotherpeoplealsowon.2020/7/212英语基本句型-2主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;2020/7/213OurEnglishteacheristhirty-fouryearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.Deepwaterstaysstill.2020/7/214巩固练习：1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.2020/7/2155．他失业了。6．树叶已经变黄了7．这个报告听起来很有意思Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting2020/7/2161.AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.主系表句型的几个特例：2.Wearegreatlysurprisedtomeethimthere.3.Itisnotagoodideatospendyourvacationwithstrangers.4.Itiskindofyoutosayso.5.Itisnoteasyforthemtogotherebybike.6.IsitTomwhoisplayingthepiano?7.Itisafactthattheycan’tpasstheexam.2020/7/217英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.2020/7/218巩固练习：1．昨晚我写了一封信。2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了。4．他们成功地完成了计划。5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7．Jim还不会自己穿衣服。8．我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？2020/7/2191.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.2020/7/2206.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.7.Jimcannotdresshimself.8.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.9.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.10.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?2020/7/221英语基本句型4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。2020/7/222巩固练习：1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7．他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。2020/7/2231.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?4.Heshowedthetick