英语写作基础教程第一课

WritingMemorablesignificantmoments(period1)WarmUpIsthereasignificantmemoryinyourholiday?Whatisit?Trytopresentittous.TypesofWritingAndreading!writinggenresTherearemanydifferentformsofwritingfordifferentpurposesPersuasiveExplanationInstructionsandproceduresFactualAccountReportPoetryDescriptiveLetterNarrativeWritingEvenwithineachgenreofwritingtherearedifferentkindsofwritingNarrativeAnecdoteBiographyStorieswithaplotNarrativePoemAutobiographyFablesandLegendsEach“kind”(orgenre)ofwritinghascertaincharacteristicsNarrativeHasaplot-beginningmiddleendHasinterestingcharactersHasaninterestingsetting(place,time)NarrativeAnarrativeisastorydevelopedfromaneventoraseriesofeventsCharacter,settingandthemoodareusuallyestablishedatthebeginningofthestoryThemiddledescribeseventsinwhichacharacterdealswithsomekindofconflictTheendofthestoryorclimax,tellshowtheconflictisresolvedPlotTheplotisaseriesofeventsNarrativewritingThegeneralcharacteristicsofnarrativewritinginclude:plotstructureintroductionrisingactionclimaxfallingactionresolutionconflictcharacterizationsettingthemepointofviewsequencingtransitionsGoodNarration:IncludesspecificdetailstomaketheincidentcomealiveforyourreaderFocusesonre-creatinganincidentthathappenedtoyouoverashortperiodoftime(usuallyanemotionalexperience)Conveysaparticularmood(feeling)-doyouwanttosurpriseyourreaders,makethemlaugh,havethemshareinyoursorroworfear?NarrationanditstypesItisthetypeofwritingwhichtellsastory:personalexperienceimaginativefiction,orhistoricalnarrative(astoryoranaccountofsomethingthathappened).Genres:NarrativeWriting39WhatNarrativeWritingIsandIsNotApaperthatlacksaclearbeginning,middle,andendPresentsastorythathasawell-developedbeginning,middle,andendAsingleparagraphIsmulti-paragraphFormulaic,repetitivewritingContainsnarrativestrategiessuchas,flashback,foreshadowing,dialogue,tensionand/orsuspenseAlistofreasons,opinions,orunrelatedepisodesContainsnarrativeelementssuchascharacters,plot,pointofview,setting,conflict,and/orsignificanteventsAnabundanceoffactsorpersonalanecdotesthatareunrelatedtothetopicMayincludethewriter’simaginationandpersonalexperiencesthatarerelatedtothestoryAlistofeventsand/orfactsTellsapersonalorimaginativestoryAneffectivenarrativecompositionisNOT...Aneffectivenarrativecomposition...Genres:NarrativeWriting40WhatNarrativeWritingIsandIsNotIncorrectsentences,usage,grammar,andspellingthatpreventthereaderfromunderstandingthewriter'sideasContainscorrectsentences,usage,grammar,andspellingthatmakethewriter'sideasunderstandableAstorywithlittlesentencevarietyUsesavarietyofsentencesAstorythatcontainsimpreciselanguageUsesvividsensorydetailsandconcretelanguageFlat,uninterestingwritingUsesalivelywritingvoicetoengagethereaderAneffectivenarrativecompositionisNOT...Aneffectivenarrativecomposition...PersonalexperiencenarrativeNarrator:firstpersonStructure:1.begining:topicsentence(who,when,where,what,why,how..),describingthewholeevent(p.2)2.body:presenttheexperienceinchronologicalorder(usingsometransitions:afterward,later,when,soon,while,before,then….)(p.5)3.end:summarizethewholetextandshowthetheme(p.3reading)Topic:“Reunionwithmybestfriend”“whatachange”WritingListalltheideasofreunionyouhaveexperienced.MakeaplanDiscusswithyourclassmateswriteaccordingtoyourplanimprovedWriting2Unit1Memorablesignificantmoments(period2)WarmupIsthereanysignificantmomentinyourlife?Trytoshareitwithus.Inorderforthefollowingtomakesense,youneedtounderstandthedifferencebetweenaphraseandaclause(dependentorindependent).Aphraseisagroupofwordsthatdoesnotexpressacompletethought.Itmighthaveasubjectoraverb,butitdoesnothaveboth.Asaresult,thephrasedoesnotmakesensestandingbyitself:WaitingatthestreetcornerTiredfromworkingalldayThismorningatschoolBycontrast,aclausehasasubjectandaverbthatgoeswiththesubject;aclausemakessensebyitself.Johnwaitedatthestreetcorner.Heistiredfromworkingallday.Theaboveexamplesarecalledindependentclausesbecausetheymakesenseontheirown.However,ifyouputa“dependentclausemarker”(orsubordinatingconjunction)infrontofthem,theylosetheirindependence.Theyarenowcalleddependentclausesbecausetheyneedanotherindependentclausetomakesenseaspartofacomplexsentence.WhileJohnwaitedatthestreetcorner,(hisfriendlookedforhimatschool.)Althoughheistiredfromworkingallday,(heplaysballwithhiskidsatnight).EffectivesentencesCoordinationSubordinationCoordinatingconjunctions:theFANBOYS:for(reason),and(addition),nor(negativechoice),but(contrast),or(choice),yet(contrast),so(resultoreffect)Conjunctiveadverbs:Addition:also,furthermore,moreover,besides,finallyContrast:however,still,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,nonetheless,instead,otherwise,stillComparison:similarly,likewiseResultorsummary:therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,hence,thenTime:next,then,meanwhile,finally,subsequentlyEmphasis:indeed,certainly,specificallyTransitionalPhrases:Addition:inaddition,equallyimportantContrast:ontheotherhand,incontrast,atthesametime,onthecontrary,evensoComparison:inthesamewayConcession:ofcourse,to