初中英语语法知识难点大全

初中英语语法知识难点大全英语语法知识难点（一）（一）形容词和副词I．要点A．形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容词比较等级的形式（1）规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant（2）不规则形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3）形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示两者以上的比较，用the+形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in)…如：Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.③表示两者是同等程度，用as+形容词原级+as.如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我担心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B．副词1、副词的种类（1）时间副词如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等（2）地点副词如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。（3）方式副词如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。（4）程度副词如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别（1）already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.（2）too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardlyhardly意为几乎与hard在词义上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,latelylately意为最近、近来，late意为晚、迟。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?II．例题例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：该题正确答案为B。the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet.Ihaven'tbeenthere____.AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定两者都不，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为也。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。（二）介词I．要点1、介词和种类（1）简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。（2）复合介词，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系（1）和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat（3）和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例（1）at,on,in（表时间）表示时间点用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。（2）between,among（表位置）between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.（3）beside,besidesbeside意为在…旁边，而besides意为除…之外。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?（4）inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上，而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上（5）ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法（6）inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外（7）inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨（8）bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II．例题例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为除了…，C-beside意为在…旁边，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为除了…之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我们均知道，atnight这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3I'mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配，意为期望、盼望。（三）连词I．要点1、连词的种类（1）并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。（2）从属连词用来引导从句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。2、常用连词举例(1)and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是，而I'msad,butheishappy.(4)either…or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.(5)for因为Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而，可是Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者，否则Hurryup,ory