Go围棋介绍

WhatisWeiqiGo•Go,knownasWeiqiinChineseandbadukinKorean,isanancientboardgamefortwoplayersthatoriginatedinChinamorethan2,000yearsago.Thegameisnotedforbeingrichinstrategydespiteitsrelativelysimplerules.Thegameisplayedbytwoplayerswhoalternatelyplaceblackandwhitestonesonthevacantintersections(calledpoints)ofagridof19×19lines.Onceplacedontheboard,stonescannotbemovedelsewhere,unlesstheyaresurroundedandcapturedbytheopponent'sstones.•Theobjectofthegameistosecure(surround)alargerportionoftheboardthantheopponent.Whenagameconcludes,thecontrolledpoints(territory)arecountedalongwithcapturedstonesoryourownstones(dependingontherule-set)andapredeterminedcompensation(komi)todeterminewhohasmorepoints.Gamesmayalsobewonbyresignation,ifforexampleonesidehassufferedaseveretacticalloss(toomanystonescaptured,etc.).•ThegameismostpopularinEastAsia.Anestimatedonein2003placesthenumberofGoplayersworldwideatapproximately27million.GoreachedtheWestthroughJapan,whichiswhyitiscommonlyknowninternationallybyitsJapanesename.Traditionalequipment•Boards•Stones•BowlsBasicconcepts•Connection:Keepingone'sownstonesconnectedmeansthatfewergroupsneeddefense.•Cut:Keepingopposingstonesdisconnectedmeansthattheopponentneedstodefendmoregroups.•Life:Thisistheabilityofstonestopermanentlyavoidcapture.Thesimplestandusualwayisforthegrouptosurroundtwoeyes(separateemptyareas),sothatfillingoneeyewillnotkillthegroup;asaresult,anysuchmoveissuicidalandthegroupcannotbecaptured.ThefundamentalstrategyofGoistocreategroupswithlifewhilepreventingone'sopponentfromdoingthesame.•Death:Theabsenceoflifecoupledwiththeinabilitytocreateit,resultingintheeventualremovalofagroup.Ranksandratings•InGo,rankindicatesaplayer'sskillinthegame.Traditionally,ranksaremeasuredusingkyuanddangrades,asystemwhichalsohasbeenadoptedbymanymartialarts.Morerecently,mathematicalratingsystemssimilartotheEloratingsystemhavebeenintroduced.Suchratingsystemsoftenprovideamechanismforconvertingaratingtoakyuordangrade.Kyugrades(abbreviatedk)areconsideredstudentgradesanddecreaseasplayinglevelincreases,meaning1stkyuisthestrongestavailablekyugrade.Dangrades(abbreviatedd)areconsideredmastergrades,andincreasefrom1stdanto7thdan.Firstdanequalsablackbeltineasternmartialartsusingthissystem.Thedifferenceamongeachamateurrankisonehandicapstone.Forexample,ifa5kplaysagamewitha1k,the5kwouldneedahandicapoffourstonestoeventheodds.Top-levelamateurplayerssometimesdefeatprofessionalsintournamentplay.Professionalplayershaveprofessionaldanranks(abbreviatedp),theseranksareseparatefromamateurranks•Theranksystemcomprises,fromthelowesttohighestranks:•RankTypeRangeStageDouble-digitkyu30–20kBeginnerDouble-digitkyu19–10kCasualplayerSingle-digitkyu9-1kintermediate/clubplayerAmateurdan1–7d(where8disspecialtitle)Expertplayer•Professionaldan1–9p(where10pisspecialtitle)ProfessionalsGoplayers•Japan•YutaIyama(井山裕太)1988-9dan.Becametheyoungesttitleholdereverin2005afterwinningtheAgonCup.34thMeijin.AffiliateoftheNihonKi-In•ChoU(張栩)1980–9danIn2003,ChoUbroketherecordforfastestpromotionto9daninNihonKi-inhistory.AffiliateoftheNihonKi-in•China•ChenZude(陈祖德)1944–9danhewasthechairmanofZhongguoQiyuanfrom1992–2003andisalsothecurrentpresidentoftheassociation.FamousforpopularizingtheChinesefuseki•FengYun(丰云)1966–9danSecondwomaneverattainrankof9-dan.AffiliateoftheZhongguoQiyuan•GuLi(古力)1983–9danSixWorldchampionshiptitles;WidelyconsideredcurrentworldNo.1becauseofexceptionalrecordsinthepast3years.AffiliateoftheZhongguoQiyuan