RFID系统在智能交通中的应用

南京邮电大学毕业设计（论文）题目：利用RFID控制车流量的研究与分析专业：通信工程学生姓名：赵昊班级学号：07001835指导教师：刘南杰指导单位：通信与信息工程学院日期：2011年11月20日至2011年6月17日摘要随着物联网RFID技术的日趋成熟和应用需求的不断加大，中国的RFID行业呈快速发展的趋势，在点在票务，公共安全，智能交通和手机支付等领域，RFID技术的应用规模得到不断的拓展。物联网RFID的发展得到了从国家政府大地方部门的层层参与，监管和支持，由此也获得了更有利发展环境和更多的发展机会，大力开发RFID技术的研究具有重大的现实意义和深远的社会意义。本文介绍了几种常见的自动识别技术，对他们进行了全面的分析与比较。重点分析了RFID系统的组成、特点及应用，探索了射频识别技术的工作原理，并对射频识别技术的一些关键技术如数据传输、防冲突等问题进行了深入的研究。基于射频识别技术的一些新特点,提出了一套城市智能交通管理系统模型,用来解决城市交通管理中的一系列经典难题.该模型结合射频识别技术、数字图像处理、网络通信以及数据库技术,能够实时监控交通流量、车辆信息以及交通状况;再结合状态空间穷举法和信息融合技术,可以实现智能交通调控、自动违章处理、车辆跟踪处理、交通实时查询以及车辆统计等功能.关键词：RFID系统；智能交通系统；物联网；交通流量；车辆统计；数据库;AbstractAsthingsmatureRFIDtechnologyandapplicationdemandcontinuestoincrease,China'sRFIDindustrywasrapidlygrowingtrendinthepointsintheticketing,publicsafety,intelligenttransportationandotherareasofmobilepayment,RFIDtechnologyhasbeencontinuallyscaleexpansion.ThedevelopmentofRFIDThingshavebeengreatfromthenationalgovernmentinvolvedineveryleveloflocalauthorities,supervisionandsupport,whichalsoreceivedamorefavorableenvironmentfordevelopmentandmoreopportunitiesfordevelopment,vigorouslydeveloptheRFIDtechnologyofgreatpracticalsignificanceandfar-reachingsocialsignificance.Inthispaper,introducedseveralcommonautomaticidentificationtechnology，forthemtoconductedacomprehensiveanalysisandcomparison．AnalysisoftheRFIDsystem，thefocusofthecomposition，characteristicsandapplicationofRFIDtechnologytoexploretheworkingprincipleofRFIDtechnologyandanumberofkeytechnologiessuchasdatatransmission．issuessuchasanti．collisionin．depthresearch．Basedonsomenewfeaturesofradiofrequencyidentification(RFID),acityintelligenttransportationmanagementsystemmodelisproposedtosolveaseriesofclassicaldifficultproblemsincitytrafficmanagementsystem.ThismodecombineswithsuchtechnologiesasRFID,digitalimageprocessing,networkcommunicationsanddatabase,andcanmonitorandcontroltrafficflow,vehicleinformationandtrafficconditionsinrealtime.Sincethesystemincorporatesstatespaceexhaustivemethodandinformationfusiontechniques,itcanintelligentlyadjustandcontroltrafficstatus,automaticallydisposetrafficpeccancy,conductvehicletracking,realizerealtimequeryontrafficconditionsandvehiclestatistics.Keywords:radiofrequencyidentification;intelligenttransportationsystem;internetofthings;traffic;trafficstatistics;database目录第一章绪论·······················································11.1物联网与RFID·················································11.2ITS（智能交通系统）···········································2第二章RFID的基本原理···································42.1RFID系统·····················································42.2RFID系统的基本构成···········································42.3RFID特点······················································52.3.1RFID工作原理·················································52.3.2RFID系统的工作频率·······································62.3.3RFID标签类型·············································6第三章RFID的特性···························73.1电子标签的特性················································73.1.1能量·················································73.1.2通信距离··············································73.1.3存储器···············································73.1.4计算能力·················································73.1.5防篡改················································83.1.6物理特性···············································83.1.7频段···················································93.1.8标准···················································93.2RFID系统的优劣·············································93.2.1RFID的优点···········································103.2.2RFID缺点··············································103.3RFID的工作频率与应用指南······································113.3.1低频特性··········································113.3.2高频特性·············································133.4RFID技术的应用及其应用领域····································143.4.1安全管理··············································143.4.2RFID在供应链管理当中的应用···························153.4.3运用RFID技术的步骤···································15第四章智能交通系统简单介绍····································164.1智能化交通系统在科学交通管理中的作用·························164.2智能交通系统的相关信息··································174.3智能交通系统的应用现状···································18第五章利用RFID疏导交通系统····································215.1射频识别交通数据采集原理···································215.2射频系统的在智能交通系统中的应用···························215.3平面交通系统·················································225.3.1平面交叉路口的通用模型及实际交叉路口的表示··············225.3.2实际交叉路口的表示·····································225.4在物理空间上车流向冲突问题···································235.4.1交叉路口车道的布局规则—左行规则和右行规则··············235.4.2车流向冲突问题及交通信号灯控制的基本原理················245.4.3车流向的编码矩阵E····························255.4.4车流向冲突矩阵D·······································255.4.5车流向冲突矩阵D的自动生成····························255.5平面交叉路口的交通信号灯配时方案问题·························275.5.1交通信号灯疏导车流······································275.5.2交叉路口信号灯配时方案·································275.5.3相位绿灯时间长短的确定··································285.5.4.交叉路口信号灯最优配时方案···················