英语四级真题2016年12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析

2016年12月四级考试真题（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)．．D1rect10ns:Fh·ortispart,youareallowed30minutestownteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:PartIIoneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension说明：2016年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已）PartIDReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes—animalfighting—things26workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare27andkilledforprofitandsport,yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea28sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation(缓刑）．Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution(起诉）ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuidelineswhenthey29penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely30.TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which31thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months.Thisisastepintheright32butwe'dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.Alongwiththiseffort,we'reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto33anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistoverburdenedanimal34thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis35importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.A)convenientB)createsC)criticallyD)determineE)directionF)hesitateG)inadequateH)inspiredI)methodJ)minim11lK)rarelyL)sheltersM)strengthenN)sufferingsO)tortured—1—SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontains叫ormationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom咖chtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhenWorkBecomesaGameA)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownasgamification:essentially,turningworkintoagame.Garnificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuchastheworkplaceandeducation,explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.C)Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinners,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL'OrealtoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgarnificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.ArecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfromMYMl.65billionin2015toMYMl1.1billionby2020.D)Theconceptofgarnificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople'sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeengamifyingitssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100years,headds,andtheturn-of-the­centurysteelmagnate(巨头）CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberoftonsofsteelproducedonthepastshiftonthefactoryfloor,thusmotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.E)Butthewordgamificationandthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified.Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplaythesevideogamestoo,Werbachsays.F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup—GamEffective,BunchballandBadgeville,tonameafew—inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees'ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative.Whatmakesagamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,Werbachsays.Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology.G)Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbe