人教版高三英语复习课件+虚拟语气+ppt

GrammarSubjunctiveMoodteacher:sunhao虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。句式复合句状语从句定语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句SubjunctiveMood条件状语从句其他状语从句If条件句含蓄条件句简单句一、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用用“may十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”．may须置于句首，例如：Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodtime!其他表示愿望、祝愿或诅咒;命令。Godblessyou.Heavenforbid!work!Bemorecareful！Yougoout!名词性从句主语从句条件状语从句含蓄条件句二、复合句定语从句状语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句其他状语从句If条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现实事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况，也称作推测条件句。（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would（should,could,might）+动词原形。”ExampleIfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovies.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.练习题例：1)Ifmyfather__________herenow,he_________tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldBwere,willCis,wouldDis,will2)IfI________abee,I__________workmuchharder.Awere,wouldBwere,shallChad,willDhave,should3)IfI_______muchmoney,I_________buyahouse.Ahave,willBhad,shouldChad,willDhave,should4)He__________learnmorequicklyifhe_________harder.Awill,workBwould,workedCwould,workDwill,worked5)IfI__________you,I_________dothat.Awas,wouldn'tBwere,wouldn'tCam,won’tDwere,won’tAABBB表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would（should,could,might）+have+过去分词”。Eg:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.练习1)Ifyou___thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhaverecognizedalready.A.followedBwouldfollowCfollowDhadfollowed2)Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he___mefromgoing.Ahadbeen,wouldhavepreventedBhadbeen,wouldpreventCwere,wouldpreventDwere,wouldhaveprevented3)I___ifshe____me.Awouldhaveoverslept,didn'tcallBwouldhaveoverslept,hadn’tcalledCoverslept,hadn'tcalledDwouldoverslept,didn'tcall4)----Ifhe___,he___thatfood.----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Awaswarned,wouldnottakeBhadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarned,hadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken5)She_____tothepartyifshe_____invited.Awouldhavegone,hadbeenBwouldgo,wasCwouldhavegone,wasDhasgoneDABBA表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“wereto/should+动词原形”or过去式。Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifheshoulddoit,hewoulduseanotherway.1)It’squiteimpossiblethatitwillraintomorrow.Butifit____,Iwouldstillgotothepark.AshouldrainBwouldrainCrainDhadrained2)Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI____,Iwouldtryagain.AshouldfailBwouldfailCfailedDhadfailed3)_____Tomorrow,whatshouldwedo?AIfitrainsB.ShoulditrainC.woulditrainD.WereitrainingAAcBIII.III.在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。I.与现在事实相反WeremightIf+主语+过去式动词would过去式助动词，主语+could+VShouldII.与过去事实相反mightwould+have+过去分词If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+couldShouldIII.与将来事实相反Weremightif+主语+过去式助动词shouldwereto+v主语+would+VShould+v.Could注：１）虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were，不用was。２）在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if＋主语＋should+Ｖ+…＋表示可能的假设当条件状语从句行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytired.Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn‘thavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(过去---现在.)(过去—将来)(现在----过去)(过去---现在)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:省略if,用“were,had,should+主语”.例如:WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.但不能说Weren'titfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:一)用介词短语代替条件状语从句用without/butfor（要不是、如果不是）/butthat(若非)/incaseof（假如，如果发生）/Intheabsenceof（如果没有）/undermorefavorablecondition表示“要不是”、“如果没有”等，表示条件虚拟例句：Butfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.1.Withoutair,nothingcouldlive.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。2.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn'thavedoneit.3.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.如果没有水和空气，什么也不4.Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(二)、含蓄虚拟条件句Ifonly引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟语气结构，现已成为惯用法，表达愿望一种不真实的条件，译成“要是……就好了！”从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，对过去没有实现的或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成时。IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他的话就好了．IfonlyIwereabird．我如果是一只鸟就好了．IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages.二)虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句中三）动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned/或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/hoped/wished/planned/+不定式的一般式表示虚拟。E.g.1.IintendedIshouldcallonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.2.TohearhimspeakFrench,youcouldtakehimforanEnglishman3.Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation.四）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气Musthavedone一定做了(用肯定句)Couldhavedone可能（疑问句）本能够做但没做（肯定句）May/mighthavedone也许做了Should/oughttohavedone不应该做了Shouldn't/oughtn’ttohavedone本不该做Needn’thavedone本不必做Couldhehavebeentoldthetime?有人告诉他时间了吗？我本能够帮你，但当时很忙。IcouldhavehelpedyoubutIwasbusythen.Ididn’tpasstheexam,(本不应该玩如此多的)Ioughtnottohaveplayedsomuch.Ididn’thearthephone,Imusthavebeensleeping..在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等．句型：Itis/was+形容词/过去分词/名词+that……+should+do常用的形容词*natural,appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的),preferable(可取的),better(更好*necessary,impo