现在完成时时态讲解

1现在完成时时态讲解一、意义现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了（也就是说我现在不饿）二·谓语动词的构成形式：：have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)三、基本句型结构肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t特殊疑问句Whathashedone?四·用法：1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果例：YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.2.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续例：Ihavelivedheresince1990.3．在下列情形下用现在完成时①already已经肯定句中或句尾，在句尾表示强调例:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经，还用于否定句和疑问句句尾例：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中例：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中例：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中例：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?havehasgoneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)havehasbeento去过某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)Fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6.延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leavestartsetoutarrivereachgettobeginstopshutturnoffmarryputputongetupwakefalljoinmeetreceivefinishendcompletebecomecomegodieopenclosebreakgivejumpbuyborrow7.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用，所以终止性动词不能用于现在完成时态的肯定句。但是非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时的否定句中。若非延续性动词要在现在完成时的肯定句中，必须将其改为相应的延续性动词。Hehasdiedforthreedays.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用）应改为：Hehasbeendeadforthreedays.举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere例：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beaway例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beon例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosed例：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedead例：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→have例：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.例：Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keep例：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下：break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost2用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Thanksalot.It’ssunnyagain.It_______________(rain)foralongtime.2._____________Mr.Li_______________(live)heresince8yearsold?3.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.4.It’sthethirdtimethatI_______________(see)himthismonth.5.Isyourmotherathome?------No,she_______________(go)towork.6.Hermother_______________(become)adoctorin1970.She_______________(work)inthehospitalsince26yearsold.7.He_______________(teach)Englishheresincewe_______________(see)him5yearsago.8.Howmanytimes_______________you_______________(be)toBeijing?Onlyonce.I_______________(go)theretwoyearsago.9.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(see)itanywhere?10.Myparentsarenotathome.They_______________(leave)forShanghai.11.Waithere,please.Thetrain_______________(notarrive)yet.12.Whereismydictionary?------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.13.I_______________(lose)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.14.I_______________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.15.HejoinedthePartyin1990.He__________(be)apartymemberfor10years.16.Howlong______________UncleWang______________(work)inthisfactory?Since1995.17.Sofarthechildren_______________(learn)1,000Englishwords.18._________you__________(mend)yourbike?Yes.Imendeditamomentago.19.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass_______________(win)already.20.She_______________(stay)hereforover5years.21.Theboxisempty.Who_______________(eat)allthecakes?22.Hehasfoundhisbike.When_______________he_______________(find)it?23.Hersister_________(go)toShanghai.She_________(leave)thismorning.24.MyfriendWangHaioften_______________(swim)intheriver.25.Theteacher_______________(reach)Beijingtwodaysago.每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1.Jimhasboughtthebookforjust3days.2.UncleWanghasdiedfor3years.3.IhavegonetoBeijingthreetimes.4.Jimisn’there.HehasbeentoBeijing.Hewenttherethismorning.5.Shehaslivedtheresince8years.6.Hashebeenateacherfor1990?7.Ilivedheresince3monthsago.8.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?------Yes,Idid.9.Jim’sbrothershasmademanykindsofkites.10.Hehastakedthebooksaway.按要求句型转换Katehasalreadyfinishedthehomework.否定句：______________________一般疑问句：__________________两回答：______________________特殊疑问句：__________________I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I________already_______(see)thefilm.I__________(see)itlastweek.2.—__________he_