《计算机英语(第3版)》练习参考答案--刘艺,王春生.机械工业出版社

3 UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence2.paper-tapereader3.opticalcomputer4.neuralnetwork5.instructionset6.parallelprocessing7.differenceengine8.versatilelogicalelement9.siliconsubstrate10.vacuumtube11.thestorageandhandlingofdata12.verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.centralprocessingunit14.personalcomputer15.analoguecomputer16.digitalcomputer17.general-purposecomputer18.processorchip19.operatinginstructions20.inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:DNAUnitOne/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.experimentation2.interfacing3.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialneuralnetwork2.computerarchitecture3.robustcomputerprogram4.human-computerinterface5.knowledgerepresentation6.numericalanalysis7.programmingenvironment8.datastructure9.storeandretrieveinformation10.virtualrealityUnitOne/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.format2.synchronization3.virtual4.multimedia;third-partyII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.datafield2.learningcurve3.third-partysolution4.WindowsMediaPlayerWindows5.Startbutton6.designatedinputarea7.handwriting-recognitionsystem8.charactersetUnitTwo:ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionAIFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters6.diskdrives;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.functionkey2.voicerecognitionmodule3.touch-sensitiveregion4.addressbus5.flatbedscanner6.dot-matrixprinter7.parallelconnection8.cathoderaytube9.videogame10.audiosignal11.operatingsystem12.LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.inkjetprinter14.databus15.serialconnection16.volatilememory17.laserprinter18.diskdrive19./BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy()areas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disc.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprinted()bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megabytes()ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:10UnitTwo/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.graphical2.file;scheduler3.virtual4.sliceII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.interrupthandler2.virtualmemory3.contextswitch4.mainmemory5.bitpattern6.peripheraldevice7.processtable8.timeslice9.graphicaluserinterface10.massstorageUnitTwo/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.repository2.central;sub-systems3.network4.layeredabstractmachineII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.codegenerator2.abstractmachine3.programeditor4.configurationitem5.CAD(computer-aideddesign)6.dataredundancy7.commandandcontr