中西方文化之孔子的思想-英文版

Theeast’sSocrates--ConfuciusInthehistoryofhuman,aseriesofideologistsplayedquiteimportantrolesinvariousfield,theyhadafar-reaochinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofhumansociety.itcanbesaidthattheywereliketheengineofhistorywhopromotedcivilizationtoimprove.Inthewest,therewerePlaton,Aristotle,Socrateswhowerewell-knownfortheirs’ideologyaboutsociety,humanity,science,nature.Theidealcountry,wrotebyPlaton,itrecordsthedialogueofSocratesandothers,.ItisthesummaryofhisformerphilosophyofPlaton,itdiscussesthephilosophy,politics,ethics,education,art.Platonbelievedthatagoodcountryshouldhavewisdom,courage,self-control,justice.Wehavetobelivethattheideologyofthemwasusedforreferencebymodernpeopletoformulateallkindsofhumanizedlaws,raisethelevelofEducation.whatismoreimportant,itteachushowtobejusticeandmoralpeople.Intheancienteast,therewereagroupofpeoplewhodidthesamethingsjustlikePlaton,Aristotle,Socrates.AmongtheancientChina,therearetwoverydazzlingideologydenominationsinmorethanonehundredideologydenominations.Oneisconfucianist,theotherisTaoists.Confuciusisoneofthemostrepresentativefiguresofconfucianist,andheisthepioneerofconfucianist.AndLaoZiisoneofthemostrepresentativefiguresofTaoists,andheisthepioneerofTaoists.ConfuciusandLaoZi’sideologyhavebeeninfluencingChinesecultureformorethantwothousandyears.ItisnotlittleexaggeratedtosaythatConfucius’sideologyisthecoreofChinesecultureandcivilization.ConfuciuswasborninDiluChouinBC551,heisfamousasonegreatthinkerandeducator.ItisbelievedthatConfucius’sideologyhasbecomethereedofthefeudalcultureevenmoderncultureinChinafortwothousandyears,evenheisconsideredtobethegreatestChinesesagebyallpeopleoftheworld.WhenConfuciuswas15yearsold,hewascognizantofthemeaningoflife.sohewasambitioninlearninginlifeandgettingwidespreadknowledge.Aftermanylife-changingevents,Confuciusbegantotravelaroundothercountriestosharehisideology.Howeverthosemonarchsdon’tagreehim,SohegotbacktoLuintheend.Atthattime,Confuciusstillhadaheartinpolitics,butthemonarchofLudidn’treachtoanagreementonhowtoadministeracountry.Confuciusthoughtthatrunningonecountrywithcharityisquiteridiculous.sohejustputConfuciusinanunimportantposition.ConfuciusthoughtthemonarchofLuandotherministersdidn’tunderstandhim,sohebegantopayhiswholeattentiontoeducation.Confuciusbrokethemonopolyofeducation,recruitedstudentsregardlessofsociallevel.Besides,hedidn’trequirestudentstogivemoneytohim.(IthinkConfuciuscouldbecomparedwithSocrates,becausetheirbehaviorissomuchalike.)ConfuciustaughtstudentswithoutDiscriminationandeducatedifferentstudentsaccordingtotheirdifferentaptitude.Sohisteachingskillswasadvanceatthattime.Itwassaidthathisstudentsadduptothreethousandpeople,therewere72excellentpeople,whowerecalledwisemenbyotherpeople.InConfucius'salllife,hedidnotwriteabooktopromotehisideology,butthatisnoinfluentinreducinghisinfluencetothousandyearsofChineseculture.WecangetConfucius’sideologythroughhisstudents’depictionandmanybookswrotebyotherpeoplewhichrecordedhisideology.Forexample,Confucius’sbasicteachingsweresystematicallycollectedandmadeintotheAnalectsofConfuciusbyhisstudentsafterhisdeath.Confucius’sideologyextendtomorality,polity,economy,culture,aesthetics,historyandeducation.Confuciusconstructedacompleteideologicalsystemofmorality.Hethoughthumanismistheeternalthemeofhumaninanyage,itisapplicabletoanygovernment.Andtheorderandthesystemofmercifulsocietyisthebasicrequirementstoestablishhumancivilization.HisideologyofhumanismandthespiritoforderaretheessenceofancientChinesesocialandpoliticalthought.Confuciuscalledthehighestsociety’sgoalGreatHarmony”.Itmeansthatpeopledon’tonlylovetheirownfamilybutalsotreatotherpeoplelikemembersoftheirownfamily.Andeveryonecanfeelthatheisimportantforothers,findtheirownproperpositioninsociety.Thereisnofraud,noharm,andnoinjustice.Chinaisacountrywhobelievesinsocialism,itisbelievedthatConfucius’sideologyhasInfluenceonthegovernmentofChina.ThecoreofConfucius'spoliticalthoughtiskindnessandgentleness.Andhethoughtthegovernmentshouldbegraciousandpolitetocommonpeopleandservethepeopleinsteadofsqueezingthem.Althoughnonewasserioustoachieveatthattime,hehasmanyfollowersoverthenextfewthousandyears.Inmodernage,IthinkSunZhongshanandMaoZedongaremoreorlessaffectedbyConfucius'spoliticalthought.ThecoreofConfucius'seconomicthoughtisthatbusinessmenshouldbehonestineconomicactivities.Andhestronglyhatedthosepeoplewhodoallkindsofbadthingstotheirownprofitatotherpeople’sexpense.ThecoreofConfucius'saestheticthoughtisbeautytruth,kindnessandbeauty.Hethoughtthatweshouldputliterature,artandpoliticalmoralitytogether,literatureandartasameanstochangethesocialandpoliticalmeans,animportantwaytocultivatesentiment.AndConfuciusbelievesthatonepersonshoulddowellinpoetry,etiquetteandmusic.Confucius'saestheticthoughthasgreatinfluenceontheliteratureandart.ConfuciancultureisnotonlythecoreofChineseculture,butalsohasdeepinfluenceonJapanandKorea.Today,withthearrivalofglobalization,Confucianculturebeginstospreadaroundtheworld,andConfucius'sideologyisbeginningtobeacceptedbytheincreasingnumberofpeople.Manycountriesha