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1第一节破解英语句子之密码“钥匙”——五种基本句型一、主(语)+系(动词)+表(语)1.主语:一般在句子开头,也就是一个句子的陈述对象;2.系动词:是联系动词的简称,是主系表结构的核心。我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词:一be动词类:am、is、are、was、were二表示变化类:become、get、turn、grow、go三感官动词类:眼(look)耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四表示延续性的动词:remain、stay、keep3.表语:通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing等来充当。练习二找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语,并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Tomisastudent.2Heisfat.3Iamtired.4Wearestudents.5Thebagwaslost.6Theboywasfoolish.7Theywerekind.8Sheisintheroom.9Thebooksareonthedesk.10Snowiswhite.11Katewashereyesterday.12Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.13Theweathergetshotinsummer.14Shelooksbeautiful.15Theflowersmellsgood.16Wewereveryhappy.17Youareright.18Thesouptastesdelicious.19Thechairisyours.20Thechildrenareasleep.21Thestoryisinteresting.22Hefeelsbettertoday.23Theleafturnsgreen.24Istayedawakeallthenight.25TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.26Thelittlegirlissix.27Myworkistolookafterthebaby.28Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.29Thegirlisverypretty.30Hewentmad.31Pleasedon’tgetangry.32Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.33Youlookangry.34Shelookslikehermother.35Youlookunhappy,what’sthematter?36Thoserosessmellbeautiful.37Thistastesnice.What’sinit?38Doyoufeelhappy?39Heremainedsilent.40Theweatherisgoingtostayfine.41MyjobisteachingEnglish.42Sheisathome.43Ifeelterrible.44Heisolderthanhelooks.他比看上去要老。45Heseeninterestedinthebook.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。46Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。47Thedeskfeelshard.书桌摸起来很硬。48Thecaketastesnice.饼尝起来很香。49Theflowerssmellsweetandnice.花闻起来香甜。50Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore.你长得比以前高了。51Hehassuddenlyfallenill.他突然病倒了。52Hestoodquitestill.他静静地站看。53Hebecomesateacher..他当了教师。54Helookswell.他面色好。55Itsoundsnice.这个听起来不错。56Ifeelgood.我感觉好。257Theeggsmellsbad.这个鸡蛋难闻。58Hebecameateacheratlast.59Hisfaceturnedred.60IsheanEnglishteacher,ChineseteacherorJapaneseteacher?他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师?二、主(语)+谓(语)1.谓语,谓语位于主语之后。而动词,具有作谓语的“专利”,称为谓语动词。谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况;表示状态的就用主语+连系动词+表语句型来表示。2.宾语:是动词作用的对象,位于动词和介词之后,通常是由名词或代词来充当。4.及物动词:动词后面通常直接跟用作宾语的名词或代词。5.不及物动词:动词后面通常不直接跟宾语。例如:IlikeEnglish.其中的like是及物动词,因为它后面直接跟了个宾语English,如果它后面不跟English的话,句子含义就不完整,你到底喜欢什么呢,好像话没说完似的,所以说及物动词后面必须带宾语。Heoftenswimsintheriver(他经常在河里游泳),其中的swims是不及物动词,为什么呢?应为它后面没带宾语,说他游泳句子意思已经表达很清楚完整了,没必要再加宾语了,你说还游泳个什么?intheriver在这里是状语的,而且是表示地点的状语。秘诀一、及物动词后面直接加宾语,不及物动词后是不能直接加宾语,但有些不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后就可以加宾语了(例如:look是典型的不及物动词,后面是不能接宾语的,但是如果加上适当的介词就可以跟宾语如lookattheblackboard、lookforthechild、lokkafterhismother等等)。秘诀二、及物动词后面必须加宾语,因为不加宾语,句意就不完整了。秘诀三、绝大多数动词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,只作及物动词或不及物动词的动词是很少一部分。请各位注意:下划横线的“东东”,就是“传说”中的状语,1、Hewillcometomorrow.(他明天来)2、Heisworkingnow。(他正在工作).3、Heworksatthisfactory.(他在这个工厂工作)4、Heoftenswimsintheriver.(他经常在河里面游泳)5、Tomisalwayslateforschool.(汤坶经常上学迟到)6、IhaveneverbeentoShanghai.(我从没去过上海)7、MyChineseisverygood.(我的汉语非常好)8、Herunsquitefast.(他跑的相当快)9、Heworkshard。(他努力工作)10、Itistoohot.(天气太热了)副词做状语:时间状语,如:already(已经)、before(以前)、now(现在)、yesterday(昨天)、today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)、soon(不久)。地点状语,如:here(这儿)、there(那儿)、up(上面)、down(下面)、upstairs(楼上)、downstairs(楼下)、anywhere(任何地方)等等。频度状语,表示经常、常见的还有always(总是)、ever(曾经)、never(从来不)、seldom(很少,不常)、sometimes(有时)、usually(通常)等等方式状语,是来修饰动词的,有:quickly(很快的)、bravely(勇敢地)、happily(高兴地)、fast(很快地)、well(好地)程度状语,是到修饰副词和形容词,有:very、quite、too、so等等。3三、主语+谓语+宾语此句型是由三部分组成,主语、谓语、宾语。宾语主要是由名词和代词充当的,其实,作宾语常见的还有:动词不定式(todo)\动名词(doing)例如:Hewantedtogohome(togohome作want的宾语;Helikeslisteningtomusic(listeningtomusic作like的宾语。秘诀之一:下面的动词后面只可以接动名词,一句话要决记之:“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)mind(介意)、miss(错过)、enjoy(喜欢)、giveup(放弃)、admit(承认)、avoid(避免)、finish(完成)、escape(逃脱)、practise(练习)、suggest(建议)秘诀之二:下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,一句话要诀记之:“要想干,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量干。”A.要求,想要,希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、mean)B.同意(agree、promise)C.意愿(care、hate、refuse)D.决定,企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage)秘诀之三:下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式begintodosomething\doingsomethingstarttodosomething\doingsomethingcontinuetodosomething\doingsomethingforgettodosomething\doingsomethingremembertodosomething\doingsomethingregrettodosomething\doingsomethingliketodosomething\doingsomethinglovetodosomething\doingsomethinghatetodosomething\doingsomethingtrytodosomething\doingsomethingmean.Todosomething\doingsomething练习三一判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构,如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语(名词、代词、动词不定式、doing等等)1Hearrivedyesterday.2Theboyiscryingloudly.3Shediedin2000.4Themandisappearedinthestreet.5Ilikemusic.6Shewantedsomehelp7Isleptwelllastnight.8Iombuiltahouselastyear.9Iboughtacomputerinthestreetyesterday10.Tomoftenswimsintheriver11.Mysisterworksinthatfactory.12.Thesunisrising.13.Theyknowhim.14.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.15.Mywatchhasstopped.16.Itissnowinghard.17.Mygrandmacoughedallnight.18.Shewascooking.19.Ifoundaboxunderthebed.20.Katedescribedthepicture.21.Ihatetogothere.22.Herememberedtellingyou.23.Hisauntwillcome.24.Thefarmerworksveryhard.25.Theflowersneedwatering.26.WeusuallywatchTVonSaturdayevening.27.Shehascleanedtheroom.28.Helikedcollectingstamps.429.Bothofthemworkintheschoollibrary.30.Kateisrunningfast.31.Theshipmovesslowly32.Hewantedtwoboxeswatches.33.Ireadeverybookintheschoollibrary.34.Youcanunderstandme.35.WecanwatchTV.36.Thechildrenarereadingcarefully.37.Mr.Smithspeaksveryfast.38.The
本文标题:初中英语专题一句子成分分析
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