子爵和男爵 专题分析

ViscountandBaronintheUnitedKingdomOutline•IntroductionofViscount•IntroductionofBaron•ComparisonandConclusionEtymologyIntroductionofViscountvicecomesvicecomitemvisconteviscount•Firstrecordedin1440,whenJohnBeaumontwascreatedViscountBeaumontbyKingHenryVI.•Earlyviscountswerenormallygiventheirtitlesbythemonarch(君主),nothereditary.•Soontheytendedtoestablishhereditaryprincipalities(封邑).thetitleofaviscountaplacenameEg:theViscountFalmouthasurnameEg:theViscountHardingeacombinationEg:theViscountGageofCastleIslandviscountship=viscounty=viscountcy•Viscount:TheViscount[X]TheViscount[X]of[Y]Lord[X]•Viscountess:Viscountess[X]Lady[X]•Wife:Lady[X]•Children:Thehonourable[Forename][Surname]StyleofaddressCoronetofViscount•twoandahalfbarsofermine(貂皮)•Asilvercirclet•16smallsilverballsaroundtherim•HeservedintheinfantryduringWorldWarI,distinguishinghimselfandgettingseriouslywounded.•HisvictoryoverRommelattheBattleofAlameinisamajorturningpointinNorthAfricaduringWorldWarII.RepresentativesBernardMontgomery,1stViscountMontgomeryofAlamein•HewasincommandofallAlliedgroundforcesanddevelopedtheinvasionplanattheBattleofNormandy.•Asafieldmarshal(陆军元帅)bytheendofthewar,hewasmadeFirstViscountMontgomeryofAlameinin1946.RobertStewart,ViscountCastlereagh•AnIrishandBritishstatesmanBritishForeignSecretaryChiefSecretaryforIreland•AcquiredthecourtesytitleViscountCastlereaghin1796.BritishForeignSecretary•ManagementofthecoalitionagainstNapoleon(from1812)•TheprincipaldiplomatattheCongressofVienna•LeaderoftheBritishHouseofCommonsChiefSecretaryforIreland•PutdowntheIrishRebellion(1798)•securethepassageoftheIrishActofUnion(1800)Declineanddeath•Attackandcriticism•Anervousbreakdown•suicideTheSuicideofLordCastlereaghbyGeorgeCruikshank,1822IntroductionofBaronEtymologybarobaronbaron•SincetheAnglo-Saxons,thewordbaronhasexisted.•WilliamIintroducedbaronasarankinEnglandtodistinguishthemenwhohadpledgedtheirloyaltytohim.•twostages:greatbaronandordinarybaron.•createanewbaronyintwoways:byawritofsummonsdirectingsomeonetoParliament,orbyletterspatent•Inaddition,Baroniesareoftensubsidiarytitles,thusbeingusedascourtesytitlesbytheeldestsonsofearlsormarquises.•Baron:Baron[X]Lord[X]•Baroness:Baroness[X]Lady[X]•Wife:Lady[X]•Children:TheHonourable[Forename][Surname]StyleofaddressbaronyCoronetofBaron•Twobarsofermine•Asilvercirclet•Sixlargesilverballsfixed•Darkredvelvetovercoat•Sameastherobeofanearl.Representatives•AnEnglishpainterandsculptorofacademism(学院派).•PresidentoftheBritainRoyalAcademyFredericLeighton,1stBaronLeightonHisworksdepictedhistorical,biblicalandclassicalsubjectmatter.Cimabue'sCelebratedMadonnaiscarriedinProcessionthroughtheStreetsofFlorence,1853-1855FlamingJuneTheGardenofHesperidesGreekGirlsPickingupPebblesbytheSeaWilliamThomson,1stBaronKelvin•aBritishmathematicalphysicistandengineer.•ProfessorofNaturalPhilosophyattheUniversityofGlasgow•“Thefatherofthermodynamics”•Proposedanabsolutetemperaturescale•developedthebasisofAbsoluteZero•Joule-Thomsonexperiment•thefirstandsecondLawsofThermodynamics•anelectrictelegraph(电报)engineerandinventor•adoptedthetitleBaronKelvinofLargs•TheHunterianMuseumhasapermanentexhibitiononhisworkincludingoriginalpapers,instrumentsandotherthings.ComparisonandConclusion•Thenumberofpearlsonthecoronetofviscountis16,whilethatofbaronis6.•TheextantviscountinBritainisfarlessthanbaron.•Indirectaddress,theycanalsobereferredtoasMyLord,YourLordship,orYourLadyship,butneverasMyLady.男性/女性夫人Viscount/ViscountessViscountess/LadyBaron/BaronessBaroness/LadyTHANKYOU!