english writing

EnglishWriting授课人：薛露然[e-mail]我认为每一个严肃的作家，手捧着他的已出版的这一本或那一本书，心里永远觉着它是一个安慰。它那常燃小火一直在地下室里燃着，只要自己心里的温度调节器一触动，一小股熟悉的暖流立刻就会悄悄地迸发。这个安慰，这本书在永远可以想见的远处发出的光亮，是一种极友好的感情；……自1995年春看了书的清样之后，我没有再读过《洛丽塔》，然而，这部书给了我愉快的感觉，因为它就在屋子里悄悄地陪伴着我，仿佛一个夏日，你知道雾霭散去，它就是一派明媚。—弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫Whatiswriting?WhydowelearnEnglishwriting?WhatisthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishwriting?Whatdoesitrequiretowritewell?Whatisacademicwriting?写作是运用语言文字符号反映客观事物、表达思想感情、传递知识信息的创造性脑力劳动过程。Writingismorethanputtingwordsonpaper.It'safinalstageinthecomplexprocessofcommunicatingthatbeginswiththinking.Writingisanespeciallyimportantstageincommunication,theintentbeingtoleavenoroomfordoubt.ListeningReadingSpeakingWritingThreepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overagreatoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.—BertrandRussellIhavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy-ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness--thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtitfinally,becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat--atlast--Ihavefound.WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIhavetriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberateinmyheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeopleaburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatethisevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.—JaneAustinPride&PrejudiceEmmaWoodhouse,handsome,clever,andrich,withacomfortablehomeandhappydisposition,seemedtounitesomeofthebestblessingsofexistence;andhadlivednearlytwenty-oneyearsintheworldwithverylittletodistressorvexher.—JaneAustinEmmaTHEMolehadbeenworkingveryhardallthemorning,spring−cleaninghislittlehome.Firstwithbrooms,thenwithdusters;thenonladdersandstepsandchairs,withabrushandapailofwhitewash;tillhehaddustinhisthroatandeyes,andsplashesofwhitewashalloverhisblackfur,andanachingbackandwearyarms.Springwasmovingintheairaboveandintheearthbelowandaroundhim,penetratingevenhisdarkandlowlylittlehousewithitsspiritofdivinediscontentandlonging.Itwassmallwonder,then,thathesuddenlyflungdownhisbrushonthefloor,said`Bother!'and`Oblow!'andalso`Hangspring−cleaning!'andboltedoutofthehousewithoutevenwaitingtoputonhiscoat.Somethingupabovewascallinghimimperiously,andhemadeforthesteeplittletunnelwhichansweredinhiscasetothegraveledcarriage−driveownedbyanimalswhoseresidencesarenearertothesunandair.Sohescrapedandscratchedandscrabbledandscroogedandthenhescroogedagainandscrabbledandscratchedandscraped,workingbusilywithhislittlepawsandmutteringtohimself,`Upwego!Upwego!'tillatlast,pop!hiscameoutintothesunlight,andhefoundhimselfrollinginthewarmgrassofagreatmeadow.—KennethGrahameTheWindintheWillows英文：主语显著subject-prominent汉语：主题显著topic-prominent英文：形合（主要靠语法来衔接）汉语：意合英文：法制语言汉语：人制语言，“吃食堂”&“吃饭”，“一条板凳坐五个人”&“五个人坐一条板凳”一盏离愁孤单伫立在窗口我在门后假装你人还没走旧地如重游月圆更寂寞夜半清醒的烛火不忍苛责我一壶漂泊浪迹天涯难入喉你走之后酒暖回忆思念瘦水向东流时间怎么偷花开就一次成熟我却错过汉语：很小的词汇量（和英语相比），极少的形式限制（和英语相比）。区区6万汉字，远不能和百万英语单词相比，而且这6万汉字中常用的不过数千。更让西方人受不了的是，汉字竟然没有“格”，无论什么词类，没有形式变化，汉语的形式简单到让西方人觉得无可依托，无从下手。英语：一个典型的陈述句，无论多么复杂，最后都可以分析到简单句的结构，如果再继续分析，总可以分析到主语和谓语两个成分。英语中有大量句子虽枝叶横生，但结构完整、主从分明、便于分析。英语是一种分析性语言。Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirectlytoHeaven,wewereallgoingtheotherway.------OpeninglinesofATaleofTwoCitiesClearthinkingSufficienttimeReadingInterestPracticeRevisingAcademicwriting,asthenameimplies,isthekindofwritingthatyouarerequiredtodoincollegeoruniversity.Itdiffersfromotherkindsofwriting(personal,literary,journalistic,business,etc.)inseveralways.Itsdifferencescanbeexplainedinpartbyitsspecialaudience,tone,andpurpose.KnowyouraudienceThetoneofyourwritingcanreflectyourattitudeChoiceofwords,grammaticalstructures,lengthofsentencesFormalorinformal?specificandcleartoexplaintoexchangeideasandmakeyourideaacceptedbyotherstopersuadeortoconvinceyouraudienceofthecorrectnessofyourpointofviewonaparticularissue.Thepurposeusual