92William Blake

•ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand•AndaHeaveninaWildFlower.•Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand•AndEternityinanhour.•一沙一世界，一花一天堂。双手握无限，刹那是永恒。WilliamBlake(1757-1827)WilliamBlake•PoetandPainter•Engraver•Developedownmythology/religion•Firstmajor“Romantic”poet“AncientofDays”“TheGreatRedDragonandtheWomenClothedwiththeSun”“ElohimCreatingAdam”“GoodandEvilAngels”“MichaelBindingSatan”“SatanInflictingBoilsUponJob”“Nebuchadnezzar““Pity”Biography•BorninLondononNovember28,1757。•Helearnedtoreadandwriteathomebecausehewas“anunrulychild”•Claimedtoseevisionsofangels,spirits,andghostsofkingsandqueensFirstvisionseenat•age4(Godatthewindow)•age9(treefilledwithangels)Biography•HealsoclaimedthathehadregularconversationswithhisdeceasedbrotherRobert.ItwassoonapparentthatBlake’sinternalworldofimaginationwouldbeaprimemotivatorthroughouthislife.NotingsomethingspecialintheirsontheBlakeswerehighlysupportiveofandencouragedhisartisticcreativityandthusbeganhiseducationanddevelopmentasanartist.Biography•Atten,Blake’sparentssenthimtodrawingschool(Mr.Pars’DrawingSchoolintheStrand)afterheexpressedhisdesiretobeanartist•Twoyearslater,Blakebeganwritingpoetry.•attheageoffourteenBlakestartedasevenyearapprenticeshipwithengraverJamesBasire,theofficialengravertotheSocietyofAntiquaries.Biography•In1782,BlakemarriedCatherineBoucher.Hetaughtherhowtoread,writeanddraw.Theyhadnochildren.•In1783Blake'sPoeticalSketcheswerepublished–“acollectionofapprenticeverse,mostlyimitatingclassicalmodels.Thepoemsprotestagainstwar,tyranny,andKingGeorgeIII'streatmentoftheAmericancolonies.”(Poets.org)•In1784,Blake'sfatherdied.ThatsameyearBlakesetupaprintshopwithafriendbuttheventurefailedafterthreeyearsBiography•In1789BlakecompletedTheSongsofInnocence,thefirstofhisilluminatedbooksusingthemethodRobert’sspirit“showedhim”•In1794hefolloweditwithSongsofExperience.•AttheendofthedecadeBlakewascommissionedintoillustratingotherartists’works.However,theworkwasnotenoughandBlakewasnotwelloff.Biography•By1810,Blakewasimpoverishedandalienatedfromhisfriendsandpatrons.ButBlakecontinuedtowork•In1827,Blakefellill.OneofhislastdrawingswasapictureofCatherine,thathedrewfromhisdeathbed.HediedonAugust12whenhewas69yearsold.Hewasburiedinagraveinthedissenters’graveyardatBunhillfields.Hiswriting•ThoughitishardtoclassifyBlake’sbodyofworkinonegenre,heheavilyinfluencedtheRomanticpoetswithrecurringthemesof•goodandevil,•heavenandhell,•knowledgeandinnocence,•externalrealityversusinner.Hisworks:•PoeticalSketches诗的素描•SongsofInnocence天真之歌•TheBookofThel塞尔书•TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂和地狱的结合•SongsofExperience经验之歌•VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想•TheSongofLos罗斯之歌Blake’sPoetry•Workreceivedlittleattentionduringhislifetime•Mostofhispoetrywasnotwidelypublished•Whenhisworkwasnoticed,peoplethoughtit(andthereforeBlakehimself)wasweird,confused,ormadSongsofInnocence/Experience•InnocenceandExperiencearedefinitionsofconsciousnessthatrethinkMilton'sexistential-mythicstatesofParadiseandtheFall.•childhoodisatimeandastateofprotectedinnocence,butnotimmunetothefallenworldanditsinstitutions.Thisworldsometimesimpingesonchildhooditself,andinanyeventbecomesknownthroughexperience,astateofbeingmarkedbythelossofchildhoodvitality,byfearandinhibition,bysocialandpoliticalcorruption,andbythemanifoldoppressionofChurch,State,andtherulingclasses.•SongsofInnocence(19)–TheShepherd–TheLamb–TheChimneySweeper–HolyThursday–Night–Spring–ADream–OnAnother'sSorrowSongsofExperience(26)–TheChimneySweeper–TheSickRose–TheTyger–Ah!Sun-Flower(atwikisource)–TheLily–London–APoisonTree“thelamB”•小羔羊，谁造就了你？•你是否知道谁造就了你？•祂给与你生命，给与你粮食•在河流边，在青草地。•给与了你欢乐的衣裳，•柔软，毛茸茸而明亮•给与了你这样温柔的声响•叫得所有的山谷欢声飞扬？•小羔羊，谁造就了你？•你是否知道谁造就了你？Littlelamb,I'lltelltheeLittlelamb,I'lltellthee:Heiscalledbythyname,ForHecallsHimselfaLamb.Heismeek,andHeismild,Hebecamealittlechild.Iachild,andthoualamb,WearecalledbyHisname.Littlelamb,Godblessthee!Littlelamb,Godblessthee!•小羔羊，我告诉你小羔羊，我告诉你。•神主也被称作你的名字祂也称自己为一只羔羊。•神主温顺，神主仁慈；•神主成了一位小弟弟。•我是弟弟而你是羔羊•我们都以神主的名而声扬。•小羔羊，神主祝福你！•小羔羊，神主祝福你！1.Thepoemisdescribedfromtheangleofakid.2.Child’simagination,inpastoralmode(田园式）3.ThelovingfatherisGodandchildrenareHisflock.4.HeretheInfantJesus,thechild,andthelambareinallofus,andalsothespiritofInnocence.•Thesimpleorganizationofthepoem•Thedictionisradicallychildish•Hisimagesareaccessibleandfamiliar•Thissoft,woollylamb,feedingonthebountyofnatureandbleatingwitha“tendervoice”islikeapicturefullofjoysofchildhood.•Inthefirststanza,weseethatGodmakesandgives,andtotheendofthepoem,weknowthatGodalsoblesseswhatHecreates.•TheTygerTheTyger•Tyger!Tyger!burningbright•Intheforestsofthenight,•Whatimmortalhandoreye•Couldframethyfearfulsymmetry?•老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中•燃烧着的煌煌的火光，•是怎样的神手或天眼•造出了你这样的威武堂堂？•Inwhatdistantdeepsorskies•Burntthefireoft