Unit2 Working the land Grammar

Mydreamisearnalotofmoney.Proofofcomposition(作文改错)改为：Mydreamisearningalotofmoney.Mydreamistoearnalotofmoney动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语我们常说的现在分词和动名词是怎么回事？现在分词和动名词都是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，因此统称为动词的-ing形式。V+-ing千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。现在分词还有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态类别及物动词不及物动词形式主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneHavingdone作主语：动名词Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.动名词作主语的形式主语句型1.Itisnouse/gooddoing….2.Itisnotanyuse/gooddoing….3.Itisworthwhiledoing….4.Itishardlyworthdoing….5.Thereisnodoing….6.It’sawasteoftimedoing….eg.It’snogoodtellingherallthetruth.It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnotalkingwhatwillhappen.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Itisworthwhiletryingthisexperiment.动名词和不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。eg.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.Smokingisprohibitedhere.Tosmokesomuchisn’tgoodforyou.作表语（1）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.动名词与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what或doingwhat的问题.现在分词作主语说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.eg.Thefilmisveryinteresting.(Howisthefilm?)Hisjobisteaching.(Whatishisjob?)动名词和不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为；不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.eg.Myfavouritehobbyisjogging.Hisideaistogiveuptheplan.现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行.eg.Heiscleaningthewindow.作宾语：动名词•Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.•Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.•Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.•Heisfondofplayingfootball.一.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:dislike,avoid,consider,finish,suggest,deny,imagine,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,practise,escape,can’thelp,can’tstand,giveup,putoff,feellike,succeedin,等太多了，怎么记呀？MrsBlackmissedabeefbag.二.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1)remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得过去做过某事我记得在街上见过他。Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.2)forgettodo忘记去做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了.Iforgottomailtheletterforher.我忘记了写过那篇作文.Iforgotwritingthatcomposition.3)stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟Stopsmoking,please.咱们停下来休息一下吧。Let'sstoptohavearest.4)meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱.5)trytodo设法尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regrettodo对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.三.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todoeg.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.四.need,require,want+doing(主动形式表被动意义)tobedoneeg.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.tobecleaned.五.addto,lookforwardto,leadto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,getdownto,get/beusedto+doing六.love,like,prefer,hate,+doing表示一般倾向性.todo表示一次具体动作eg.IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.七.begin,start,continue+doing/todo区别不大.如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing.eg.Shestartsmakingpreparationsateighteveryday.Iwasbeginningtogetworried.Shebegantounderstandwhattheyreallywanted.Themeatbegantogiveoffabadsmell.八.Should/wouldlike/love+todoeg.Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.作宾语补足语：现在分词Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、lookat、see、watch、hear、listento、notice、feel。“三让,三看,两听,注意感觉”。现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行.不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程.Isawthegirlgettingonthetractor.我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机.Isawthegirlgetonthetractoranddriveoff.我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机,然后把车开走了.Ismellsomething___onthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburntA⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。通常放在它所修饰的词之前.awashingmachine＝amachineforwashingaswimmingpool＝apoolforswimmingThisisanewwashingmachine.作定语⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单个分词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是现在分词短语,就放在被修饰的名词之后,相当于定语从句.adevelopingcountry＝acountrywhichisdevelopingasleepingboy＝aboywhoissleepingChinaisadevelopingcountry.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.Themanwhowastalkingwithmyfatheris…作定语不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上不定式作定语通常指将来的动作.现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行.eg.Hehastwoletterstowrite.Doyouknowthemansittingatthedesk?HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_____foradegreeincomputerscience.A.studiedB.studyingC.tohavestudiedD.tobestudyingB作状语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随）Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语,分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Beingill,shestayedathome.Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn’tlosehisheart.Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.1.Yesterday,Icalledyou,____yousomeinformationoncomputer.A.askedB.askingC.andaskD.toask2.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,__.A.anundergtoundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergtoundlakediscoveredC.alakewas