Grammar非限制性定语从句

Grammar:Non-restrictiveAttributiveClause(非限制性定语从句)Thecatiswatchingthemousewhichisplayinghulahoop.1.定义：在________中修饰__________或者整个主句的句子叫________。2.被修饰的词叫___________,引导从句的词叫___________,分为___________和___________，例如:which,who,when等。复合句名词或代词定语从句先行词关系词关系代词关系副词限制性定语从句关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物整个主句主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseRelativepronouns关系副词先行词在从句中的作用Relativeadverbs时间名词时间状语地点名词地点状语reason原因状语when=(at/in/on/during/…which)where(=in/at/…which)why(=forwhich)1.Thisistheplace________heworks.Thisistheplace__________wevisitedlastyear.2.Thatwasthetime________hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedays___________wespenttogether?3.Thisisthereason____hewent.Thereason__________hegaveuswasquitereasonable.wherewhich(that)whenthat(which)whythat(which)注意事项：选择关系代词或关系副词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。1.找先行词2.将先行词放入定语从句中判断句子成分3.选好关系词主、宾、定状语选好关系词的步骤和方法如何选择正确的关系词填空？关系代词关系副词注意事项：：选择介词的关键是根据以下三点：1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。如：Isthatthenewspaper______whichyouoftenwritearticles.2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。如Idisagreewiththefacts____whichyourarguementisbased.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。如：Thisisthevillage_____whichIeverlivedTomstillremembertheday_____whichhejoinedtheParty.foroninon1.Mrs.Smith,_____hasalotofteachingexperience,willbejoiningusinthespring.2.Mary,___________weweretalkingaboutearlier,hasjustwalkedin.3.ThewinnerwasaBrazilianplayer,_____nameIhaveforgotten.4.Thedam,_____isthebiggestintheworld,is3830metreslong.5.Youlentmesomemoney,_____Ihaveneverpaidyou.6.Oneoftheboyskeptlaughing,_____reallyannoyedJane.7.In1963,wemovedtoBoston,______mygrandpalived.whowho/whomwhosewhichwhichwhichwhere8.TheQueen’slastvisitwasinMay,_______sheopenedthenewhospital.9.ImetMr.Smith,with________Iusedtowork.10.Thehouse,for______Mr.Smithpaid15000dollars,isnowworth30000dollars.whenwhomwhich限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的不同1.形式不同------非限制性定语从句有逗号2.作用不用限制性定语从句，如果去掉，意思不完整，不明确（翻译成一个句子…….的）非限制性定语从句，如果去掉，意思还是明确的。(翻译成两个句子）---先行词常为人名，地名TuYouyou,whowontheNobelPrize,isfromChina,屠呦呦是中国人，她获得了诺贝尔奖ThescientistwhogottheNobelPrizeisfromChina.获得诺贝尔医学奖的那个科学家来自中国3.关系词不同1）that,why不用于非限制性定语从句2）在非限制定语句中，关系词做宾语时不能省略3)which在非定中可以代替一个句子三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句:是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开，翻译时常翻译成先行词的定语，做宾语的关系代词可以省略。如：a)Whatisthenameofthetallwoman_____________________?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity_______________________________________.(多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市)whoisstandingthere(that/which)I’vealwayswanttovisit2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚，它的先行词通常是人名、地名等专有名词或独一无二的事物。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，不用that引导。关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,________________________,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,______________________________________________.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。whichisthecapitalofItalywhocamefromtheUniversityofLondon3.大多数非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，即用which指代整个主句内容，which：这、这一点、这件事1）Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,___________________________________一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。2）Tomdidwellintheworddictation,_____________________________________(这使他的老师很高兴）whichfrightenedmeverymuchwhichmadehisteacherveryhappy.4.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。a).Thisisthegirl____________________________.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。b)Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,____________________________________________.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。whom/whoImetinthestreetwhomhewantedtomakeadeepimpressionon5.比较：a)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.________________________________________b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.________________________________________她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。（不止两个弟弟）（只有两个弟弟）as引导的非限制性定语从句常用于以下结构：Asiswellknown(toall)Aseverybody/everyoneknows众所周知Aswasexpected正如预料的那样Asyou/weknow正如你（们）/我(们）知道的Aswe/anybodycansee正如我们/任何人能看到的美国新墨西哥州一只宠物猫两岁时就重17.7公斤Thispetcatistwoyearsold.Itweighs/wei/重达17.7kg.定语从句合并具体步骤:找出相同的对象确定主从句去掉从句中的相同部分，替入关系词Thispetcatwhich/thatweighs17.7Kgistwoyearsold.Thereasonisthathehaswrittensomeexcellentnovels.MoYangotthe2012NobelPrizeinliterature(文学)forthereason.ThereasonwhyMoYangotthe2012NobelPrizeinliteratureisthathehaswrittensomeexcellentnovels.Titanicwasthebiggestshipatthattime.ItscaptainwasEdwardSmith.Titanic,whosecaptainwasEdwardSmith,wasthebiggestshipatthattime.Bird’sNestisabeautifulstadium(体育馆).The2008OlympicGameswereheldthere.Bird'sNest,wherethe2008OlympicGameswereheldisabeautifulstadium,.