高一英语book1 Unit 1 grammar直接引语变间接引语

课程内容1.概念2.陈述句3.一般疑问句4.特殊疑问句5.祈使句6.时态的变化7.人称的变化8.语序的变化9.其它概念•引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是直接引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，构成宾语从句，称为间接引语。•直接：Johnsaid，“Ilikereadingnovels.”•间接：Johnsaidthathelikedreadingnovels.陈述句•直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。That在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said，也可以用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat，saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat•例如：•Hesaid,IhavebeentotheGreatWall.→•HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.陈述句解题步骤•“Idon`tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.•Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn`tlikecomputers.•SarahsaidtoherfriendthatIdon`tlikecomputers.shedidn`t一般疑问句•直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.一般疑问句解题步骤•Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimifitiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.was(Theyaskedhim)特殊疑问句•直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：•Mysisteraskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?→•MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.特殊疑问句解题步骤•Whendoyouharvestthewheat？（Theyaskedhim）Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheat.YouharvestthewheatheharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.祈使句•直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：•Thecaptainordered,Bequiet.→•Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.•注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。•Myteacheraskedme,Don'tlaugh.→•Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.直接引语Directspeech间接引语Indirectspeech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时时态的变化时态不变的情况•直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：•Theytoldtheirson,Theearthgoesroundthesun.→•Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.相应的变化•直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如：•Hesaid,Ihaven'tseenhertoday.→•Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.•注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。直接引语间接引语指示代词This,theseThat,those时间状语地点状语方向性动词语序•间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：•HeaskedLucy,Wheredidyougo?→•HeaskedLucywhereshewent.•Tomsaid,Whatdoyouwant,Ann?→•TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.