高必修一 U4 语法讲解：定语从句(关系代词)

定语从句一、什么是定语？定语就是在句子中用来修饰名词的那个部分。Itwasasnowyevening.Theboyinblueismygoodfriend.Theyraisedmoneytohelpchildreneagertostudy.Themanstandingovertherewantstoseeyou.TheEnglishspokenatthattimewasbasedmoreonGerman.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowisabouttaxcut.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.归纳：单个adj：短语、从句：adj当定语介宾短语当定语adj短语当定语-ing短语当定语P.P短语当定语-todo短语当定语从句当定语前置后置二、定语从句当定语是由一个句子充当时，这个句子称为定语从句；其修饰或限定的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句的结构不完整，其缺少的成分由其引导词--关系代词或关系副词充当；同时，关系词还用于指代先行词。Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句关系代词三、关系词的确定（高考考点）还原代入法：把先行词（即定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）还原代入到定语从句中，确定先行词在从句中的成分，从而确定关系词。1.Thewoman________burstoutoftheroomjustnowwasangrywithyou.2.Themagazine____________Iboughtyesterdayislost.3.TheUnitedStatesisacountry_________hasalonghistory.4.Thisisthehouse_________Ioncelivedin.who/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that5.Theman_________istalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.6.Heisthedoctor_____________yourmotherspoketo.7.Shanghaiisnolongerthecity______itusedtobe.8.Istillrememberthelook_______itoncewas.9.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.10.Thisisthescientist_______nameisknownallovertheworld.thewindowofwhichwho/thatwhom/thatthat/whichthat/whichwhosewhosethenameofwhom结论1：先行词还原代入后在从句中充当主语：指人：指物：充当宾语:指人指物充当定语：充当表语：指人/物注：当先行词在从句中充当宾语时，关系代词可省略who/thatwhich/thatwhose或ofwhich/ofwhomwho(m)/thatwhich/thatthat观察：Thisisthehouse___________Ioncelivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.Heisthedoctor_______________yourmotherspoketo.Heisthedoctortowhomyourmotherspoke.归纳：如果先行词还原代入后是充当介词的宾语，这时介词可以提前至关系代词之前，变成介词+关系代词，这时关系代词只有两种情况：指人：whom;指物：which。结论2：介词+whom/whichwhich/thatwhom/thatHeistheman___whomyoucanbelieve.1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配in2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hegavemesomebooks_____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with3.根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Thisisourclassroom,______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.inthefrontofThisisthebookwhichyou’relookingfor.思考：本句中，for能提前至which前吗？注意：如果从句中出现结合紧密的动词短语，则不能把该短语拆开。类似短语：takecareof,lookafter,listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto等观察：Hedideverything______hecoulddoforme.That’stheonlything______wecandonow.Thisisthebestfilm______I’veseenforyears.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings______theysawduringtheirjourney.Whoistheboy______shookhandswithyoujustnow?thatthatthatthatthat结论3：先行词有以下限定时，关系词只用that：1.先行词为不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,all2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.这正是我在寻找的那本书。4.先行词同时指人和指物时5.当主句是who或which开头的疑问句时观察：1.Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,ispopularallovertheworld.2.Thisisthehousein_______heoncelived.结论4：只能用which，不能用that的情况：1.引导非限制性定语从句时。2.介词提前时。whichwhich观察：Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromistheone______workshardandstudieswell.Anyone_____breaksthelawwillbepunished.Those______wanttogotothemoviesmustwaitattheschoolgate.结论5：只能用who的情况1、先行词是指人的不定代词，如one,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,none等2、先行词是those，指人时whowhowho观察：OnTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstohisparents.结论6：先行词是way(意为“方式”)时，可用that/inwhich引导定语从句，或省略关系词。观察：Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.Ilikethesamebook_____youdo.I'veneverseensuchacleverboy______heis.Ishalldoitinthesameway______youdid.结论7：当先行词被“such”、“thesame”修饰时，定语从句用as引导，构成“such…as”“thesame…as”结构。asasasasI.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。1.Thisisthebestfilm_____________________(我看过的).(that)Ihaveeverseen2.Hehasadaughter_____________________________(在医院工作的).3.Thetree________________________________________________(叶子变红了的)isanoldone.who/thatworkswhoseleavesturnred/theinahospitalleavesofwhichturnredII.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatD2.Ihaveseensomestrangetrees,_____openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.A.whichtheleavesB.whoseleavesC.whichleavesD.theirleaves3.All_____weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.whichBB4.OnthetrainIsawagirl_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what5.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”____leadingactorisworld-famous?A.itsB.thatC.whoseD.whichAC1.Theman__________________Isawtoldmetowait.2.Whoistheman_______spokeatthemeeting?3.Iknowaboy______oralEnglishisexcellent.4.Japanistheonlycountry____hehasevervisited.5.Themp4______heisusingnowismadeinJapan.6Sheiswearingthesamehat_____Iworeyesterday.用适当的关系代词填空.who/whom/thatthatwhosethatwhichas7.Isthereanything____youdon’tunderstand?8.Thisisoneofthemostexpensivemeals____Ihavehad.9.Finallythethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.10.Thetable______legswerebrokenhasbeenrepaired.thatthatthatwhosethatwhich11.Thedays______wespenttogetherarenoteasilyforgotten.12.Thedictionary_______myfatherboughtyesterdayisveryuseful.1.Thisistherock___________theboyfelldownintothesea.2.Thefilmstar___________wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.3.TheWestLake_________Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.4.Thesubject________XiaoWangisgoodisphysics.fromwhichaboutwhomforwhichatwhich5.Thereason_________hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow.6.Theprofessor__________Mr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.7.Couldyoutellmethe