2010高考英语单选题解题方法指导-排除思维定势, 分析“复杂句式”

排除思维定势,分析“复杂句式”2010高考英语单选题解题方法指导不少单项填空题干是由学生并不那么熟悉的句式构成的，这无形中增加了试题的难度。要答好这类试题，就必须设法将复杂的、不常见的句式还原成简单的、常见的句式，以便快速地把握句子结构，理解题目意思。还原的方法归纳起来主要有以下几种：1.将疑问句还原成陈述句；2.将感叹句还原成陈述句；3.将倒装语序还原成正常语序；4.将省略句还原成完整的句子；5.将强调句式还原成一般句式；6.将被动语态还原成主动语态；7.将复合句还原成简单句。•1.Isthisfactory_______youvisitedtheotherday?A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.when•2.Whodidtheteacher_______thearticle?A.havewrittenB.havewriteC.hadwrittenD.haswriting•3.Is______youwanttosay?A.thatallB.allthatC.allwhatD.what•4.Wasit___sheheardwithherears__reallymadeherfrightened?A.what;thatB.because;thatC.that;whichD.what;/•5.HowpleasedtheEmperorwas______whatthecheatssaid!A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.tohearABAAD•6._______whatthesixblindmensaidsounded!A.HowfoolishlyB.HowfoolishC.WhatfoolishlyD.Whatfoolish•7.Toallofyou_______honourforthesuccess.A.belongstoB.belongtoC.belongsD.belong•8.Hereisanotebook,inwhich_______thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten•9.Never_________shepraised______whatshedid.A.did;forB.did;ofC.was;forD.was;of•10.Johnplaysfootball_______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellasBCCCB•11.Couldyougiveusthereasonwhyyoudidn’tdoas______?A.weretoldB.tobetoldC.toldtoD.told•12.Itwas_____theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome.A.repairedB.repairingC.torepairD.inrepair•13.ItwasduringtheLiberationWar______hedied.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when•14.Wasit_______yesterdayevening_______youmethim?A.on;thatB.on;whenC.until;thatD.notuntil;that•15.Thestudentsare______tohandintheexercisesbeforeclass.A.wishedB.hopedC.agreedD.promisedCBADA•16.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.tohaveinventedC.inventingD.havinginvented•17.Hislosteyesightwas_____byhiseversharpeningsenseofhearing.A.madeupforB.madeupofC.madeuseofD.madeof•18.Theblackboardwaswiped______.A.cleanB.cleanedC.cleanlyD.tobecleaned•19.Thecar________shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.bywhichC.onwhichD.inwhich•20.Isthisthewatchyouwishto_______?A.repairitB.haverepaireditC.haveitrepairedD.haverepairedBAADD•1.A。乍看题干，很可能会有学生将thisfactory当作先行词而误选B或C，但若将题干还原成陈述句，便会清楚地发现句中缺少表语，四个选项中唯有A项可以当表语。•2.选B。因助动词did后须接动词原形，首先可将C、D排除；再将题干还原成陈述句，这时可发现句中有“have+复合宾语”这一结构，而theteacher与write之间系主谓关系，故A也应排除。•3.选A。将题干还原成陈述句后可知，that充当主语，先行词all以及后面的定语从句作表语。•4.选A。只要将题干还原成陈述句，便可发现这是一个强调结构，即答案应在A、B之间，根据句子结构和意义较易排除B。•5.选D。答题时，肯定会有学生因动词was而选A或B，但若将题干还原成：TheEmperorwaspleased______whatthecheatshadsaid.这一陈述句，便会发现句中有bepleasedtodo这样一个句型，动词不定式在此充当原因状语。•6.选B。将题干还原成陈述句后即可清楚地发现空格处充当的是表语。•7.选C。答题时，有的学生会误将allofyou当作主语而选B或D，但若将题干由倒装语序还原成正常语序：Thehonourforthesuccess_______toallofyou.就会发现主语实为抽象名词thehonour,故谓语应用单数。•8.选C。从句系倒装语序，主语实际上是thenames…。•9.选C。正常语序是Shewasneverpraisedforwhatshedid。•10.选B。题干中的插入语部分明显有省略现象，这无形中增加了学生答题的困难，困难之一是搞不清David是主语还是呼语。但若将省略的部分补回，使题干成为这样一个完整的句子：Johnplaysfootball_____DaviddoesifJohndoesnotplaybetterthatDaviddoes.便不难看出David系主语，即答案在B、D之间，而D项通常用于否定句，应予排除。•11.选C。as从句系一省略结构，补全后为:asyouweretoldtodo,题干中省略了从句的主语和系动词（不可只省一者），还省略了不定式（省略不定式时，符号to应予保留）。•12.选B。只要将该强调句式还原成一般句式，即可看出句中有spendsometimedoingsth.这样一个句型。•13.选A。判断是强调结构，还是含有定语从句的复合句的方法是，将表语代入从句，若句子完整即为强调结构，反之为含有定语从句的复合句。本句是强调结构。•14.选D。还原后的陈述句为：Notuntilyesterdayeveningdidyoumeethim.(=Youdidn’tmeethimuntilyesterdayevening.)•15.选A。看到该题，有的学生会认为四个选项似乎都可选用，因为这四个动词均能接动词不定式，但只要我们将原句改为主动语态便会发现空格后接的是sbtodo这样一个复合结构，四个动词中唯有wished能接这样的结构。•16.选B。还原成主动句后可知，句中有consider(认为)sbtodo这个句型。而选项A根据动作的先后关系不难排除。•17.选A。将原句还原成主动句后可以更准确地把握主、宾语之间的逻辑关系。本题只有选makeupfor(弥补)，句子才合乎逻辑。•18.选A。还原成主动句可以更清楚地看出空格处是补语，应选用形容词clean来充当。•19.选D。答题时，学生一般都能很快排除A，因为travel与thecar之间并不存在动宾关系；亦能排除C，因为in、on两个介词中，car通常只与前者搭配；而在剩下的两个选项中，却极容易误选B，为什么B是错误的呢？为便于理解，我们不妨将题干先转换为这样两个简单句：Shewastraveling_____thecar.（car前的冠词不可丢，因为题干中的关系代词whichd意义上等同于先行词thecar。）Thecarwaslate.由于bycar系习语，car前不能加入冠词，故空格处只能填in.•20.选D。先将复合句还原成两个简单句：Isthisthewatch?Youwishtohaveitrepaired.不难发现it指代的是thewatch，而在定语从句中，it的句法作用已被关系代词（尽管已经省略）所替代，故应将it舍去，以免重复。•通过以上典型试题的分析与讲练，请同学们再分析剩下的练习。Practice•21.Wouldyoupleasepointoutthemistakesinmycomposition,if________?A.anyB.noneC.someD.anything•22.Is_______hesaiditworthbelieving?A.allwhatB.whatC.itD.that•23.Whomwouldyouratherhave_________withyouthistime?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going•24.---__________youdid?---No,asamatteroffact,Ididn’tneedto.A.ThatiswhatB.WhatisthatC.IsthatwhatD.Iswhatthat•25.________everythinghehadtakenawayfromhim?A.WasB.ShouldC.DidD.Had•26.Haseverything________canbedone__________?A.what;doneB.that;beendoneC.that;alreadydoneD.what;alreadybeendone•27.Isthistheschool_______youvisitedsomeforeignersafewmonthsago?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.where•28.Wherewas________thetrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight?A.itthatB.itC.theplacethatD.theplace•29.Whoseeyes________itthathesawinthedarkness?A.wasB.wereC.isD.are•30.Itwas______theneighbourssawcatchthethief.A.himthatB.hethatC.saidthatD.where•31.Alongthepathsstoodsomesigns,________waswritten“KeepOffTheGrass!”A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.that•32.Ratherthan________onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding•33.Theywanttoseehowcivilized(驯化)theanimalcan______.A.experienceB.changeC.developD.become•34.________itsnow,th