模块7 Unit1 Grammar and Usage

LivingwithtechnologyUnit1GrammarandusagePrepositions介词的用法Whatareprepositionsandhowaretheyused?•Prepositionsarewordsthatspecifyplace,direction,andtime.Therearethreetypesofprepositions:timeprepositions,placeprepositionsandmovement(direction)prepositions.•Prepositionsareusuallyusedbeforeanounoranounphrase.Aprepositioncanalsobeusedbeforeaverbinthev.–ingform.e.g.Heleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.一.定义二.句法功能1.定语Thekeytothedoorisstillhere.2.状语Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.3.表语JapanistotheeastofChina.4.宾补Makeyourselfathome.1.表时间的•at---usedbeforeapointoftime•in---usedbeforeaperiodoftime•on---usedbeforeaparticularday•for---toshowhowlongsomethingcontinues•by---indicating‘nolaterthanatime’•since---fromatimeinthepastuntilalatertimeornow三.常用的几类介词•during---throughoutorwithinaperiodoftime•after---indicating‘laterintime’•before---earlierthanthetimewhen•between---indicatingintheperiodoftime•from---indicatingthetimeatwhichsth.starts•until---uptothetimeof(aspecifiedevent)★since接过去的某时间点,常用于完成时★for接一段具体的时间,常用于完成时★in+一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表一段时间以后,多用于将来时;与延续性动词连用,表一段时间内,时态不限★after+一段时间,常用于过去时1).表持续时间的的区别since,for,in和after注意：①.表示“去年、上个月、上周”“今年、这个月、本周”“明年、下个月、下周”“每年、每月、每周”等概念时。lastyear/month/weekthisyear/month/weeknextyear/month/weekeveryyear/month/weekMyfamilyaregoingtoHangzhounextmonth.Everysummershegoestovisitherparents.②.用all来表示整个“年、月、星期、天”等概念时Weworkedthereallafternoon.Shehaslivedinthevillageallherlife.2).在时间状语中，有两种情况不用介词1.Thetrainleaves___6:00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around2.Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during3.Therailwaywasopened____traffic____April4,1985.A.to;onB.to;inC.by;onD.for;onCCA4.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon____afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after5.---Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?---_____1987.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since6.Thetouchtheyhadbothkeptin____manyyearsbroke.A.forB.onC.intoD.withBDA2.表地点的at,in,on,above,against,behind,between,by,near,opposite,under,below,off,over,inside,outside,etc.1).表示地点时at,in,on的区别Myunclelives_____116ChangheStreet.Hisroomis___thesixthfloor.A.at;onB.to;atC.on;inD.of;to★at表示在较小的地方(村庄,小城镇,门牌);在某物旁(不确定的地方)★in表示在较大的地方(国家,城市);在某物范围内(地点的排列顺序是由小到大)★on表示在某物上(表面接触);road前用on,street前用in/on;楼层用on;farm前用on,field前用inA2).表方位的介词in,on,to,off的区别Guangdonglies___thesouthofChinaandFujianis___theeastofit.Hainanis_____thecoastofthemainland.A.in;in;onB.in;on;offC.on;to;onD.in;to;away★in表示在境内★on表示相邻或在边界上,不在境内★to表示在境外,不接壤★off表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方B3).表上,下方位的介词的区别under,over,below,above_____thewall_____thetrainThepictureis_______themap.Hangthepicture______thebookshelf.Thereisabridge_____theriver.on多用于与物体有接触时,位于物体的表面,边上,线上。above侧重于指上下位置，有对比与参照物。over侧重于指横跨两端，或有覆盖的含义。ononaboveoveroverunder与below均可表“下方”，表示“低于..”仅用below，此时与above为反义。Thewaterreachedafewinches___________theknees.水离膝盖只有几英寸了。_______thesealevel海拔以下play______thetree在树下玩pass______thebridge在桥下流过below/underbelowunderunder4).表示“在…前面/后面”Thechildrenareplaying____________theirhouse.Heparkedthecar________thehouse.Thereisablackboard_______________theclassroom.atthebackof与behind的意义基本一样，都表示“在…后面”，但所指有区别。behind指一物体在另一物体的后面，而atthebackof既可指一物体在另一物体的后面，也可指一物体在另一物体内部的后面。infrontof,inthefrontof都表示“在…前面”，但infrontof指一物体在另一物体的前面，而inthefrontof指一物体在另一物的内部的前面。infrontofbehindinthefrontofbehind,before,infrontof,inthefrontof,atthebackof5).表示“在…中间”between/among/inthemiddleofYoucansit________himandme.Theanimalsusuallyhide________thetreesduringthedaytime.Thereisadesk_______________theclassroom.between表示“在…之间”（常指二者之间）among表示“在…中间”（三者或三者以上）inthemiddleof指位置时，总是强调在一处地方的中心或中心附近的位置betweenamonginthemiddleof6).表示“在…旁边”用________________(1).near表示“在…附近、靠近”，暗示距离很近，如：TheSmithslivenearapark.(2).beside表示“在…附近、靠近”，与by意思相近，如：Shesatonthechairbesidethedoor.(3).by表示“在…附近，紧挨”，如：Mikeisstandingbythedoor.near/by/besideWhat’sthere_______thebox?盒子里有什么？Shewastoldtowait_______theclassroom.她被要求在教室外面等着。Thepostofficeisjust_______thestreet.邮局就在街的对面。Themanstoodwithhisback________thewall.那个男人背靠着墙站着。7).其他地点介词如inside,outside,across,against,etcinsideoutsideacrossagainstChoosethebestanswer.1.____thegateandyou’llfindtheentrance___thepark___theotherside.A.Through;to;onB.Along;of;onC.Down;to;atD.Up;of;by2.Early____themorningofMay1,westartedoff___themountainvillage.A.in;forB.in;toC.on;/D.on;forAD3.表运动的across,along,down,into,off,over,outof,past,round,through,under,up,etc.1.Shewent____BeijingUniversityyesterday.2.Afriendofminesentmethegift______Tianjin.3.Hepouredsomemilk____thecup.4.Walkstraight______thestreetandyou’llfindthepostoffice.5.Isawhimwalking______thelibrary.tofromintoalongoutof1).表示运动方向的1.Theshipstarted____London.2.Shefell____theladderandhurtherleg.3.Ifoundthecardriving________me.for表示“（方向、倾向、能力）向，往”。off表示“从…离开”“从…下来”。toward(s)、to、for都可表示方向。toward(s)只表示动作的方向，与到达与否无关；to表示到达的目的地；for表示目的地。和to表目的地是前面多用动词不同，for常与leave/start/setout/sail等连用，to常go/come/return等连用。forofftowards2).表示“经过”“穿过”“通过”的Theballrolled_______thegrass.Hewalked____mewithoutsayingaword.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjump_____thefence.Shedrove_____aschoolonherwayhome.across表示“从这一边到一边”；穿过物体表面,或横过。by表示“从人或事物