I The infinitive不定式

Non-finiteVerbs•I.Theinfinitive不定式•证明这个公式成立（这一点）就留作为读者的一个习题。•Itisleftasaproblemforthereadertoshowthatthisformulaholds.•这里有许多种类型的万用表multimeter供你们选用。•Herearemanytypesofmultimeterforyoutochoosefrom.•假设(let)需要求出这个角度来。•Letitberequired[necessary]tofindoutthisangle.•计算机储存信息的能力受到几个因素的影响。•Theabilityofacomputertostoreinformationisaffectedbyafewfactors.•为了使该计算机能正常工作，外加的电压必须合适。•Forthecomputertowork[operate;function]normally,thevoltageappliedmustbeproper[appropriate].••我们得求出使x为多大才能使这个不等式(inequality)成立apply。•Wehavetofindouthowlargetomakexsoasforthisinequalitytoapply.••1.Thesimpleinfinitive•Functions•(1)Subject---fourpatterns★•①E.g.Itispossibletodo…•②E.g.take★,require,do,make•Ittakessunlightabout8minutestoreachtheearth.•太阳光到达地球需要大约8分钟的时间。•③E.g.(suffice充足,help,work,remain,occur)•Itsufficestogiveoneexamplehere.•④It+passivepredicate+infinitive.★•desire★,leave▲,find,propose如果想要…想要…•若想要增加热流，就需要增大hs的积。•Ifitisdesiredtoincreasetheheatflow，anincreaseinthehsproductisrequired。•(2)Object•①Itspassiveform•Theseproblemsdeservetobediscussedfurther.•②Thepattern“S→V→it→adj→infinitive”★•我们发现解这种微分方程很难。•Wefinditverydifficulttosolvethistypeofdifferentialequation（微分方程）.•(3)Predicative•Thefunctionofanantenna（天线）istoreceiveortransmitradiowaves.•天线的功能是接收或传播无线电波。•Allweneedtodois(to)measurethevoltageacrossthisresistor.•我们要做的是去测量这个电阻的电压。•（4）Attribute•Ristheresistancetobemeasured.[=whichwillbemeasured.]R是所要测定的电阻•Atsufficientlyhighspeeds,thelawsofNewtonianmechanics（牛顿力学）mustbereplacedbythespecialrelativity（狭隘相对论）tobestudiedinChapter14.•14章要研究的是在一定的高速下，牛顿力学一定会被狭义相对论代替。••Electricfield（电场）mayalsobeexpressedinotherunits,tobedefined（定义）later.•电场在其它单元中电场也会被表述，随后被定义。•Tip:•Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechistemperedbythefactthatwehavearicharrayoffoodstochoosefrom-andasupplythatfarexceedsourneeds.•有关生物技术的争论由于以下事实有所缓和：我们有大量的食物可以选择，供应远超过我们的需要。•EachmemberhasaswitchwithwhichtoindicateaYesorNovote.•每个成员手边都有一个开关标明选择是或者否。•请给我一枝笔写/一张凳子坐坐。•Willyoupleasegivemeapentowritewith?•[=…apenwithwhichtowrite?]•Willyoupleasebringmeastooltositon?•[=…astoolonwhichtosit?]•(5)Adverbial科英中不定式做状语有三种情况•①Beforethesubject---expressingthepurpose•Tooperateacomputerwell,itisnecessarytodoalotofpractice.•Tounderstandandusephysics,wemusthaveaknowledgeofbasicmathematics.•要理解和使用物理，我们必须有一定的数学基本知识。•②Attheendofasentence---expressingthepurpose•Manyelementscombinewithhydrogentoformcombustibleliquids（可燃液体）.•许多元素和氢气结合可形成可燃气体。•③Formingsetphrasesorcollocations•Enoughtheoryanddesignconsiderationswillbegiveninthischaptertoclarify（阐明）thevariousmeasurementstreated.•在本章中，各种处理措施的足够的理论和设计考虑都会被阐明。•Masschangesinordinarychemicalreactionsaresosmallasnottobedirectlyobservable.•普通化学反应中的质量变化如此小，以至于无法直接观察到。•2.Complexinfinitive•Inorderfortheblock（木块）toslideatconstantspeed,thenetforce（净力）inthedirectionofslidingmustbezero.•要让木块以一定速度滑动，在滑动方向上的静力要为零。•Whenthreeforcesacttheymustbeconcurrent（共同起作用的）,soasforthebodytobeinequilibrium（平衡）.•三个力共同起作用才能使物体保持平衡。•3.Thereflexiveinfinitive（反射式不定式）•举例子用作定语,通常皆置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后,它与其所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,•如:ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.•Alldead,Iwastheonlyonetogrowup.•也可能是动宾关系,这时不定式即通常所谓的“反射不定式”,如:Hehastoomanythingstodo他要做的事太多了•Hehavenothingtosayonthequestion.•反射不定式也可是不定式+介词结构,介词一般不可省去,如:Ineedapentowritewith•Givemesomepapertowriteon.•Therearesomethingtobegratefulfor.•Thisconceptisveryeasy_________(understand).•Wefindthistheorydifficult_________(explain).•Thisconceptisveryeasy___to______(understand).•Wefindthistheorydifficult______to___(explain).•Theoperatingsystemshouldbeeasytodesign,implement,andmaintain.•操作系统容易设计,实施和保持。•Themathematicsofcomplicatedalgorithms(复杂的算式)canbedifficulttoworkwith（处理）.•数学中复杂的算式难于处理。•Wefindthisproblemeasytosolve.•我们发现这个问题易于处理。•4.Infinitiveformsofthepattern“therebe”•formalobjectrealobject.•Weassumetheretobetwovariables（变量）inthisfunction（函数）.•假定这个函数中有两个变量。•Inthiscase,thereisapt（易于…的）tobeinteractionbetweenthetwoadjustments(调节器).•在这个例子中，两个调节器之间易于交互。•Thereisusuallyfelttobeadifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwoterms（术语）.•两个术语之间的意思通常会感到有差别。•Inthiscasethereissaidtobeapotentialdifference（电位差）betweenthetwochargedbodies（带电体）.•在这个例子中，两个带电体之间有电位差。•5.Complexinfinitive(fortheretobe…)•Fortheretobelife,theremustbeairandwater.•哪里有空气和水,哪里就有生命。•Wehavefounditpossiblefortheretobefreeelectronsinacrystalundertheinfluenceofanelectricfield（电场）.•在一个电场的作用下，结晶中可能会有自由电子。•II.Theparticiple•1.Thesimpleparticiple•(1)Theattribute•thecurrentflowing•theforceacting•theproblemsremaining•theenergyexisting•thepersondying•thenumberofpersonsapplying•foryearsrunning•theexamplefollowing•Specialtranslationtechniques:•Theunitofworkinanysystemistheunitofforcemultipliedbytheunitofdistance.•任何系统的单位功是单位力乘以单位距离。•Currentequalsvoltagedividedbyresistance.•电流等于电压除以电阻。•Thisusuallyresultsindecreasedaccuracyandaddedcost.•这通常会导致准确性的减小和成本的增加。•Yellowaddedtoblueproduceswhitelight.•黄色光加兰色光可以产生白色光。•***Specialcaseswhenapastparticiplefromanintransitiveverb(onlyafew)isusedasanattribute:•Allthenewlyarrivedtrainsareelectricones.•theelapsedtime•thefallenleaves•thehoursworked•theescapedprisoner•thefailedsite失败的网站•(2)TheAdverbial•①Beforethe