Ubuntu-Server最佳方案08

第8888章最佳代理、反向代理服务器：Squid8.1Squid安装$sudoapt-getinstallsquidFATAL:Couldnotdeterminefullyqualifiedhostname.Pleaseset'visible_hostname'8.2为Squid配置主机名$sudocp/etc/squid/squid.conf/etc/squid/squid.conf.backup$sudochmoda-w/etc/squid/squid.conf.backup$cd/etc/squid/$sudocatsquid.conf.backup|grep-v^$|grep-v^#|sudoteesquid.conf$sudonano/etc/squid/squid.confvisible_hostnameubproxy$sudo/etc/init.d/squidrestart8.3访问控制列表aclnametypevalue1value2...例如：最佳方案120aclNormalUserssrc192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24aclNormalUserssrc192.168.1.0/24aclNormalUserssrc192.168.2.0/24http_accessdenyNormalUser第8章最佳代理、反向代理服务器：Squid1218.4正向代理8.4.1设置端口号http_port88888.4.2禁止某些IP地址上网aclWorkShopsrc192.168.1.0-192.168.2.0/24aclWorkShopsrc192.168.1.0/24aclWorkShopsrc192.168.2.0/24aclWorkShopsrc192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24http_accessdenyWorkShop8.4.3禁止在某时间段上网aclNormalUserssrc192.168.1.0/24aclWorkingHourstimeD09:00-10:00http_accessdeny!WorkingHoursNormalUsershttp_accessallowNormalUsersWorkingHours8.4.4个别网站的控制$sudonano/etc/squid/allowedSites.listhiweed.comaixingzou.cn$sudonano/etc/squid/deniedSites.list最佳方案122http_accessdenyBadSiteshttp_accessallowoffice_networkGoodSites8.4.5用NCSA做密码认证$sudotouch/etc/squid/auth-password$sudochmodo+r/etc/squid/auth-password$sudohtpasswd/etc/squid/auth-passwordusernameNewpassword:Re-typenewpassword:Addingpasswordforuserusername$dpkg-Lsquid|grepncsa_auth/usr/lib/squid/ncsa_auth#定义认证程序和密码文件的位置auth_parambasicprogram/usr/lib/squid/ncsa_auth/etc/squid/auth-password#定义派生认证进程的数量auth_parambasicchildren5#要求输入用户名和密码时显示的信息auth_parambasicrealmPleaseLoginFirst#每隔2小时就重新认证一次auth_parambasiccredentialsttl2hours#大小写敏感：关闭（对用户名不区分大小写）auth_parambasiccasesensitiveoffaclncsa_usersproxy_authREQUIREDhttp_accessallowncsa_users8.4.6透明代理的设置1．服务器网卡配置$cat/etc/network/interfacesautoeth1ifaceeth1inetstaticaddress192.168.1.10netmask255.255.255.0network192.168.1.0broadcast192.168.1.2553．Squid的透明代理配置http_port192.168.1.10:3128transparent第8章最佳代理、反向代理服务器：Squid1234．iptables防火墙的配置$iptables--listChainINPUT(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestinationChainFORWARD(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestinationChainOUTPUT(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestination$sudoiptables-tnat-APREROUTING-ieth1-ptcp\--dport80-jREDIRECT--to-port3128$sudoiptables-AINPUT-jACCEPT-mstate\--stateNEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED-ieth1-ptcp\--dport3128$sudoiptables-AOUTPUT-jACCEPT-mstate\--stateNEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED-oeth0-ptcp\--dport80$sudoiptables-AINPUT-jACCEPT-mstate\--stateESTABLISHED,RELATED-ieth0-ptcp\--sport80$sudoiptables-AOUTPUT-jACCEPT-mstate\--stateESTABLISHED,RELATED-oeth1-ptcp\--sport80$iptables-LChainINPUT(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestinationACCEPTtcp--anywhereanywherestateNEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHEDtcpdpt:3128ACCEPTtcp--anywhereanywherestateRELATED,ESTABLISHEDtcpspt:(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestinationChainOUTPUT(policyACCEPT)targetprotoptsourcedestinationACCEPTtcp--anywhereanywherestateNEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHEDtcpdpt::．保存iptables规则$sudosh-ciptables-save/etc/iptables.rulespre-upiptables-restore/etc/iptables.rulespost-downiptables-save-c/etc/iptables.rulesautoeth1ifaceeth1inetstaticaddress192.168.1.10netmask255.255.255.0network192.168.1.0broadcast192.168.1.255pre-upiptables-restore/etc/iptables.rulespost-downiptables-save-c/etc/iptables.rules8.5反向代理8.5.1Squid反向代理单个后台Web服务器1．Web和Squid在同一台机器上http_port80vhostvportcache_peer127.0.0.1parent810no-queryoriginserver2．Web和Squid在不同的机器上http_port80vhostvportcache_peer221.214.14.185parent800no-queryoriginserver8.5.2Squid反向代理多个后台Web服务器192.168.1.10news.163.com192.168.1.10news.baidu.com192.168.1.10news.google.com202.108.9.79news.163.com61.135.163.87news.baidu.com209.85.175.99news.google.comaclServerIPsdst202.108.9.7961.135.163.87209.85.175.99aclServerDomainsdstdomainnews.163.comnews.baidu.comnews.google.comalways_directallowServerDomainsnever_directallow!ServerDomainshttp_accessallowServerIPshttp_accessallowServerDomains第8章最佳代理、反向代理服务器：Squid1258.6Squid排错8.6.1Squid运行状态检查$sudosquid-NCd12009/06/2209:56:26|Squidisalreadyrunning!ProcessID48328.7使用SquidGuard8.7.2安装SquidGuard$sudoapt-getinstallsquidguard8.7.3SquidGuard基本配置1．创建简单的SquidGuard配置文件$sudomv/etc/squid/squidGuard.conf/etc/squid/squidGuard.conf-orig$sudonano/etc/squid/squidGuard.conf##CONFIGFILEFORSQUIDGUARD#dbhome/var/lib/squidguard/db/blacklistslogdir/var/log/squiddestspyware{domainlistspyware/domainsurllistspyware/urls}acl{default{pass!spywareallredirect}}2．准备黑名单$sudosu#cd/var/lib/squidguard/db/最佳方案126#wget:proxy-R/var/lib/squidguard/db/*#find/var/lib/squidguard/db-typef|xargschmod644#find/var/lib/squidguard/db-typed|xargschmod755#sudo-uproxysquidGuard-Call3．测试黑名单数据库$sudosu#echo|squidGuard-d2009-03-2004:24:31[5371]