B2012A龙门刨床控制系统改造与设计

四川工程职业技术学院毕业设计论文题目：龙门刨床控制系统改造与设计专业：电气自动化姓名：罗俊娴学号：201122020050指导老师：闫毅二〇一四年一月二号摘要龙门刨床是一种用于加工大型、狭长机械零件的大型加工设备。刨台在刨削过程中不断地作往复运动每往复一次即为一个周期。在这一个周期内,刨台的速度是变化的。在刨刀初接触工件时,要低速,防止刀具崩坏;切削段的速度是操作者选定的切削速度;返回段属于空行程,为了提高工作效率,返回速度尽可能高一点;返回结束前,为了减少冲力,又应将速度降至零后转向进入下一周期。往复运动的速度变化,由刨台下面的无触点接近开关控制。辅助部分包括润滑泵、横梁升降、抬刀与进刀、左右刀架、垂直刀架控制回路等。其电气控制系统主要用于控制工作台按要求速度自动往复循环运动,刀架进刀、退刀、横梁升降以及他们之间的连锁控制。传统龙门刨床的控制系统通常为继电一接触器控制，该系统连线复杂，体积大，自动化水平低。因而造成了使用企业的生产率低下，效益差。现采用PLC改造B2012A系列龙门刨床的电控系统,取得了较好的效果。ABSTRACTDoublehousingplanerisakindoflongandnarrowmechanicalpartsusedformachininglarge,largeprocessingequipment.Planerconstantlyintheprocessofplaningforreciprocatingshipmentmoveeveryreciprocatingisacycle.Inthisperiod,thespeedoftheplanerischanging.Atthebeginningofthecuttercontactworkpiece,lowspeed,preventtoolcollapse;Theoperatorselectedcuttingspeedisthespeedofthecuttingsection;Returnperiodbelongstoairtravel,inordertoimprovetheworkefficiency,higherreturnrateasfaraspossible;Returnbeforetheend,inordertoreduceimpact,andspeedshouldbereducedtozeroafterturningintothenextcycle.Reciprocatingmotionvelocitychanges,thestagebytheplanethenon-contactproximityswitchcontrol.Auxiliarypartsincludinglubricationpump,beamlifting,carryingaknifeandfeed,leftandrighttoolcarrier,railheadcontrolcircuit,etc.Itselectriccontrolsystemismainlyusedtocontroltheworkbenchspeedautomaticreciprocatingcyclemovement,accordingtotherequirement,recedecutter,toolrestfeedbeamhoistandchaincontrolbetweenthem.Thetraditionalcontrolsystemofdoublehousingplanerisusuallyarelaycontactorcontrol,thesystemofattachmentiscomplex,largevolume,lowautomationlevel.Lowproductivity,andthuscausedtheusetheenterprisebenefit.WeusePLCseriesofB2012Agantryplanertransformationoftheelectriccontrolsystem,goodresultshavebeenachieved.关键字：龙门刨床控制PLC控制电器控制变频调速目录摘要...........................................................................................................................第一章绪论......................................................................................................-1-1.1绪论.....................................................................................................-1-1.2本文研究的目的及意义......................................................................-3-第二章龙门刨床简介....................................................................................-5-2.1龙门刨床简介.....................................................................................-5-2.2龙门刨床基本结构与运动情况.........................................................-6-2.2.1主电路组成...............................................................................-6-2.2.2交流控制电路...........................................................................-7-2.2.3主拖动调速系统工作原理.....................................................-13-2.2.4主拖动的电气控制电路.........................................................-16-第三章龙门刨床改造方案............................................................................-20-3.1龙门刨床对控制系统的要求............................................................-20-3.1.1要求有宽广的调速范围........................................................-20-3.1.2电气控制电路能保证机床可靠地自动工作........................-21-3.1.3工作台能够按照需要实现自动往返循环.............................-21-3.1.4工作台速度调整，且无须停车............................................-21-3.1.5刀架能自动进给和快速移动................................................-21-3.1.6系统的机械特性要有一定的硬度.........................................-21-3.1.7有必要的联锁保护.................................................................-22-3.2元件清单...........................................................................................-22-3.3I/O分配表..........................................................................................-23-第四章龙门刨床PLC控制系统改造...........................................................-25-4.1龙门刨床运动特点............................................................................-25-4.2PLC的类型的选定............................................................................-26-4.2.1PLC类型的选择.....................................................................-26-4.2.2PLC型号的选定...................................................................-27-4.2.3西门子S7-200PLC................................................................-28-5.1变频器型号的选定............................................................................-29-5.2变频器的选型....................................................................................-30-5.2.1SIMENSMICROMASTER简介............................................-30-5.2.2SIMENSMICROMASTER420的特点................................-33-第五章程序调试............................................................................................-35-5.1程序流程图........................................................................................-35-5.2PLC程序.........................................................................................-35-附录................................................................................................................-44-毕业设计用纸各元件作用..............................................................................................-4