国际管理与领导(1)

1Voltaire1.16000Exodus2managementbyexceptions500,,,:13managementbyobjectives1-12041-1MNC1561.2203maneggiare1618manusFrederickTaylor19031911191217MaxWeber198198664020ideationtechniques19DouglasMcGregorTheHumanSideofEnterprise,19602080PetersWaterman1983Nurmietal.199210Ohmae,1982111Becker,1993Harari,1994DealKennedy,1982Smircich,1983Schein,1985Gahmberg,1986Hampden-Turner,1991Byrne,19931220801132060908014Uksvärav1991Tomasko19871151.32016Koontz1171-21-218AACCBB201.3.1ScientificmanagementTaylorismFordism119AlexeiG.Stakhanov1-31-31.3.2AdministrativeschoolFayol201-420OlivettiIBM1-41.3.3Bureaucracy1211.3.4/HumanRelations/ResourcesStawandBarsade199322Likert1961BlakeandMouton19643DbyReddin19701-51-51.3.5Greatmantheory,Solan1972;Iacocca1984Taylor1993Roddick1991123BlakeandMouton(1971)LipshitzNevo19921.3.620SystemstheoryChurchman1977ScandinavianSchoolRhenman1973ScandinavianInstituteofAdministrativeResearch2410201.3.72070Contingencytheory/SituationaltheoryWoodward1965PfefferandSalancik1978125everything-depends-on-everything208026MintzbergAdizes19791.3.8ManagerialismPeterDrucker50managerialmargin13Assisi127St.FrancisMillerketsdeVrieseToulouse1982GuptaGovindarajan198420902820HamelPrahalad1993McGuinness1991Schein1985Ouchi1980Powell19901291.?2.?3.2090?4.?5.?5551-630??1312MarkCaine2.1202-120342352-2NaisbittAburdene2000Megatrends200020002-32-4CoatesandJarratt198917362-2AdaptedfromNaisbittandAburdene(1990).2-3AdaptedfromCoatesandJarratt(1989).237•2090••••••••••••••••••••••••2-4AdaptedfromCoatesandJarratt(1989).2.2,38•••••••••••dier1995MakideStopford,1995HodgettsLuthans1991FairburnGeroski,1989Liuhto1991239HarrisMoran,1987(Lewin,1935arleySingh1995NurmiUdo-Aka1980Zaheer1995,40RezaShahPahleviMikhailGorbachevNurmi1982412.2.1,2.2.2422.2.3,2.2.4243,2-12-1442-12-1245Nurmi,1990SagersJohnson,1991Kapoor,HansenDavidson,199146247GeorgeBernardShaw,Pygmalion482-1249Black,MendenhallQddou,19912.3(Suomi1990)50(2-5)251(Nurmi1986SveibyLioyd1987Nurmietal.1992;Lehtimäki,1993WhiteJacques,1995Wernerfelt1995)2-552()(BabaImai1993)(KreinerSchultz1993)(DavidowMalone1992)253(KnokeKuklinski1982)54Weick,19761979)2-22-32-2(Grönroos1990)255(Polanyi1962)2-32-5(PfefferSalancik1978)56(HannanandFreeman1989)Darwinian(2-4)2-4257(Aaltio-Marjosola1991Laughlin1991)582-52592-6?(2-5)(2-6)1.5_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________603.?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.5________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.2-12-22-32-4()?2.2-52612-53.2-1()623(VinceLombardi)3.1()(BettisPrahalad,1995)(Mintzberg,1987)JohnsonandScholes,199364(Hahn,1991StumpfMuellen,1991)AnsoffDeclerckHayes1976FromStrategicPlanningtoStrategicManagementPeters(Waterman)1982(Darling,1992)InSearchofExcellence(AupperleAcarBooth,1986)3-1365(GrönhaugFalkenberg,1990)??3-1PetersandWaterman(1982pp.13-16)(Spendolini1992)66••••••••3.2(PetersAustin,1985PetersWaterman,1982)33673DarlingNurmi(1995)32(3-2)6833-1(PetersAustin,1985)3-13.3369?(BennisNanus1985)703.443-2(BennisNanus,1985)3.4.1371(Bennis,1989).HenryDavidThoreau723-2373(RobertKennedy)(GeorgeBernardShaw)3.4.274(BennisNanus,1985)375763.4.3(BennisNanus,1985)377(Bennis,1989)3.4.4783(BennisNanus,1985)(WilliamJames)379Slatter,1984)O’Toole,1985)PottsandBehr,1987)•••80•••••3.5Näsi,1991a,b)19653-24(1)(2)(3)(4)381(1+1=3)3-2(Porter,1980)(3-3)3(1)(2)(3)823(3-3)3-3383Porter(1980).(HamelPrahalad,1993Burton,1995)20803-4(Hedley,1977)(Bostonmatrix)4(1)(2)(3)(4)843-490TorgerReve,1990)385••••(PrahaladHamel,1990)(Polanyi,1962)(Nonaka,1991)86(Rubin,1990PP.3~46)4(3-5)(1)(2)(3)(4)438788AdaptedfromReve(1991).3-5(Viitanen,1993)Harju,1981)Denison,1985)(Nurmi,1976)(WalderseeSheather,1996BarneyZajac,1994)(3-6)(1976)389(1985)(GooldGampbell,1987)(BromsGahmberg,1979)(3-7)3-6SWOT(strengths)(weaknesses)(opportunities)(threats)90SWOT3-7SWOT(HandscombeNorman,1989)3913-33-4SWOT3-31.0.420.800.342.0.350.750.263.0.420.620.264.0.251.000.255.0.650.370.24923-4()1.0.930.900.842.0.930.550.513.0.750.480.364.0.480.430.215.0.500.400.20(Goddard393Houlder,1995WickLeon,1995)(Schend