73限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别

DefiningandNon-definingClausesobjectiveTousetheDefiningandNon-definingClausescorrectlyReadthesesentencesanddiscusswhichwordsinthesentencestheclauses(initalics)referto.1.TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.2.MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.3.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.Whichoftheclausesabovegives1)informationtoidentifytheperson(s)/object(s)?(definingclause)2)extrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout?(non-definingclause)限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少定语,如果去掉,主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了。)非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。1.Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:张先生是我的一位朋友。)2.Wewalkeddownthevillagestreet,wheretheywerehavingmarketday.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:我们沿着村里的大街向前走去。)限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。ThatPeterwillmarryAlice,whichhasnotbeenannouncedyet,hasspreadaround.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已穿得沸沸扬扬。句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。除which外，还可用when,where,who,whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesduringtheWorldWarII,whenJewswerebadlytreatedinGermany.在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。TheAmericanjournalist(whom/who)theannouncermentionedinthenewsbroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilledbythegangsters.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,whomhelovedandrespectedashisownmother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapan.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Threeofthebiggestman-madeprojectsintheworldaretheGreatWallofChina，thePyramidsofEgyptandtheAswanHighDam，whichisalsoinEgypt．世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。1.Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2.Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。1.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。2.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配。)三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了会儿报纸。1)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010浙江)A.whomB.whichC.themD.those2)Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010全国I)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that3)Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010四川)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where4)Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsof_____arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江苏)A.thatB.itC.whatD.which5.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.(2011辽宁）A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.（2011江西）A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while7.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.（2011四川）A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that8.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_________hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.（2011广东）A．forwhichB．withwhichC．ofwhichD．towhich限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。ReadtheCampXtremeandtrytowriteaborochureforyouradventurecamp.