下垂控制微电网的频率调节特性的研究_杨俊虎

V∠φZ∠θ=R+jXE∠0°S=P+jQ杨俊虎1，韩肖清2，高文军1（1．山西省电力勘测设计院，山西太原030001；2．太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院，山西太原030024）：指出微电网采用下垂控制可以减小对通信系统的依赖，提高微电网的可靠性，易于实现分布式电源和负荷的即插即用。基于逆变器采用下垂控制方式的基本原理，讨论了逆变器的端电压、相角与其输出的有功功率、无功功率的相关性；理论研究了逆变器采用下垂控制的频率调节作用和下垂控制微电网的频率调节特性；最后在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建一微电网的仿真模型，分析了负荷并网和分布式电源并网时微电网的动态特性，以及下垂控制逆变器的频率调节作用。研究表明，下垂控制的微电网能够自动调节系统的电压和频率，动态调节逆变器的空载运行参数可以实现微电网频率的无差调节。：下垂控制；微电网；孤岛运行模式；频率调节；电压调节：TM727：A：1671-0320（2013）05-0001-05DGDistributedGeneration、DG。[1-3]。DGMatalb/SimulinkDG“”。1DG1。11EVE0φVEZθ。P、Q12。P=EVZcosφ-E2Z!cosθ+EVZsinφsinθ1Q=EVZcosθ-E2Z!sinθ-EVZsinφsinθ2DGDGVEφDGsinφφcosφ1。1234。2013-04-122013-07-061986-2012、1964-、1985-2012。5182No.5Ser.182201310SHANXIELECTRICPOWEROct.20131··20135P=EVZ-E2Z!cosθ+EVZsinθ·φ3Q=EVZ-E2Z!sinθ+EVZcosθ·φ41.1DGφV3P56。Pφ=EVZsinθ5PV=EZcosθ+sinθ·φ656P/φP/VDGφV。7。Zθ90°8PφVPφV。Pφ·PV-1=Vsinθcosθ+sinθ·φ7Pφ·PV-1181.21.1φVQ。Qφ=-EVZcosθ9QV=EZsinθ-cosθ·φ108Q/φDGQφ。DGZθ90°cosθ=0Q/VDGQV。11Z11XRcosθsinθ-cosθ·φ1QφV。Qφ·PV-1=Vcosθsinθ-cosθ·φ11DGVPQQPφPQQP。DGZ45ZZP、Qφ、V。ωφωφ。P-ωQ-V12。ω0、V0mp、nqP-ωQ-V。ω=ω0-m1PV=V0-n2#Q12φφPVVQ。2。DGDG。DGP-ωmpDG2aDGPΔPΔPω02bω0DGω0DG。2··ampω0ωNω′mp1mp2ΔP2ΔP1P1P′1P2P′22P-ωω01ω02ω03ωNmpPP′Pnbω02013101。DG。DG。Q-VnqDGnq。3DG3。DGKG131Hz2π/mp。KG=-ΔPG/Δf=-ΔPG·2π/Δω=2π/mp13KGKG*=ΔPGωNPGNΔPω=KG·ωNPGN·2π14DGσ15DG1W1MWmp/2π。σ=-ΔfΔPGN=-ΔωPGN·2π=mp/2π15σσ%=-ΔωPGNωNΔPG×100=ω0-ωNωN×1001613—16KG=1/σ=PGN·2πωNσ%×10017KG*=1σ%×10018DGσ%DGKGDGP-ωmp。DGP-ωmp。KL19。KL=ΔPLΔf=PL·2πΔω19KL20。KL*=ΔPLωNPLNΔω=KLωNPLN·2π20DG。DG。。KSDG。KS。KS=KG+KL2121DGKGPL。PL。、KS、DGKGDGP-ωmp。DGKGDGP-ωmpωωNmpω00PGNPGaDGωωN0PLNPLb33··4DG1DG2DG3io1vb1N1iload1Rload1Lload1iline1Rline1Lline1io2vb2N2iload2Rload2Lload2iline2Rline2Lline2io3vb3N3iload3Rload3Lload3C。1DGmp。mpDGDG。DGP-ωmp。DGDG。DG。DGmP。DGω0DG、。、DGω0。443、3DG、3。3DGmp1=1.0×10-4mp2=0.5×10-4mp3=0.5×10-4Rload1=25ΩLload1=4ΩRload2=30ΩLload2=8ΩRload3=20ΩLload3=1ΩRline1=0.23ΩLline1=0.1ΩRline2=0.35ΩLline2=0.58Ω。N2。4.12。ω01=50.06955×2πω02=50.03478×2πω03=50.03478×2π。t=1s2t=1.5sω03′=50.05070×2πDGV0。5。5。2DG5aDG2DG3DG1DG2DG3P-ωmp2=mp3mp1DG5b5c5d。t=1.5sDGω0DG5a5c2DG3DG1DG25b5dDGV0201356.56.05.55.04.54.00.81t/s21.5P2P1P3a0.20.10-0.1-0.20.8121.5t/sbQ2Q1Q3Q/kvarP/kW50.015049.990.8121.5t/sc225225.5220217.52150.8121.5t/sf2f1f3V2V1V3d52DGf/HzV/V4··6DG1DG50.0350.0250.015049.990.811.52.52t/scf2f1f3f/Hz2252202150.811.52.52t/sdV2V1V3V/V8.06.04.02.000.811.52.52t/sP2P1P3aP/kW1.51.00.50-0.5-1.0-1.50.811.52.52t/sbQ2Q1Q3Q/kvar。4.2DGDG12。DG2DG3ω02=50.03478×2πω03=50.03478×2π。t=1sDG1t=1.5s2t=2sDG1ω0=50.05070×2πDGV0。6。6DGDGω0DGDGV0。5aVP、QQφPQP。bP-ω。cDG。ω0V0DG。1.J.20073119100-107．2.J.2012405798-802．3PecasLopesJAMoreiraCMadureiaraAG.DefiningcontrolstrategiesforMicrogridsislandedoperationJ.IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems2006212916-924.4GuerreroJMVasquezJCMatasJetal.Controlstrategyforflexiblemicrogridbasedonparallelline-interactiveUPSsystemsJ．IEEETransIndElectron2009563726-736．5KimJGuerreroJMRodriguezPetal．ModeAdaptiveDroopControlWithVirtualOutputImpedancesforanInverter-basedFlexibleACMicrogridJ.IEEETransPowerElectron2011263:689-701.201310StudyontheFrequencyAdjustmentCharacteristicsofDroopControlledMicrogridYANGJun-hu1HANXiao-qing2GAOWen-jun11．ShanxiElectricPowerExploration&DesignInstituteTaiyuanShanxi030001China2．CollegeofElectrical&PowerEngineeringTaiyuanUniversityofTechnologyTaiyuanShanxi030024ChinaAbstract:Themicrogridbasedondroopcontrolledinverterscanreducethedependencyoncommunicationsystemandincreaseitsreliability.Itiseasytoimplementplug-and-playforDistributedGenerators(DG)andloads.Theoriginaltheoryofdroopcontrolledinverterisresearchedinthepaperandcorrelationsbetweenvoltagephaseangleandtheactivepowerandreactivepowerandanalyzed.Thefrequencyadjustmenteffectofdroopcontrolledinverterandfrequencyregulationcharacteristicsofdroopcontrolledmicrogridarestudiedtheoretically.FinallyamicrogridismodeledonMatlab/Simulink.ThedynamicperformanceofmicrogridarousedbydisturbancesuchasloadorDGconnectedtothegridisstudiedandthefrequencyadjustmentfunctionofdroopcontrolledinverterisanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthemicrogridcanregulatevoltageandfrequencyautomaticallyandtheerrorlessregulationcanberealizedbyregulatingtheno-loadoperationparametersoftheinverters．Keywords:droopcontrolmicrogridautonomousoperationmodefrequencyadjustmentvoltageadjustment5··