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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 企业财务 > 备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过专题20虚拟语气(含解析)
1。。。。内部文件,版权追溯内部文件,版权追溯内部文件,版权追溯考点20虚拟语气高考频度:★★★★☆【命题解读】对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气,宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用,交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气,含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气,以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。【命题预测】在特定语境下,情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。【复习建议】1.掌握虚拟语气的基本用法;2.掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法;3.掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法;4.掌握名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法;5.掌握wish/ifonly/wouldrather从句中的虚拟语气的用法。考向一if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示将来情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词过去式2wereto+动词原形☞IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。☞WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldhadn’tofferedusaridehome.如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家,我们会打出租车回家的。【巧学妙记】虚拟语气记忆口诀虚拟语气表愿望;If句中三情况;与现事实若相反;从过全were主would原;过从had过分连;Wouldhave过分键;从过weretoshould原;Would动原主将反。1.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)Ifthenewsafetysystem________touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput【参考答案】A2.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I__________.A.wereinjuredB.wouldbeinjuredC.hadbeeninjuredD.wouldhavebeeninjured【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意:我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气,根据if条3件句用的haddone,可知,主句用wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的虚拟,而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。考向二错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为"错综时间条件句",动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。☞Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你当时听医生建议的话,你现在就好多了。(2016·江苏卷·单项填空)Ifit_________forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeenB.shouldnotbeC.werenottobeD.shouldnothavebeen【参考答案】A考向三省略if的倒装句在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。☞IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我重回学校,我会更加努力学习。☞Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.要是你来的再早点,你可能就赶上公交了。☞Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.要是明天下雨,我们就不去爬山了。4(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)________notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit【参考答案】B考向四含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时候,虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示,而是暗含在上下文中。(1)用butfor、without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。☞Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferent.=Iftherewerenoelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferent.如果没有电,人类的生活将会有很大不同。(2)用otherwise、or(orelse)、eventhough等表示与上文的情况相反,从而引出虚拟语气。☞Ilostyouraddress.Otherwise,Iwouldhavevisitedyoulongbefore.=Ilostyouraddress.IfIhadn’tlostyouraddress,Iwouldhavevisitedyoulongbefore.你的地址我弄丢了,要不我早就去拜访你了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。☞Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewastoobusy.他本来会给你更多的帮助,但是他太忙了。也就是说,如果那时他不忙,他可以给你更多的帮助。句中buthewastoobusy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙。☞Hewouldloseweight,butheeatstoomuch.他本来可以减肥的,但是他吃得太多了。也就是说,如果他吃得不多的话,他是可以减肥的。句中的butheeatstoomuch实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。5(2015·重庆卷·单项填空)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.didn’twriteB.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twriteD.wouldn’thavewritten【参考答案】D考向五名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,prefer,desire,recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为"should+动词原形",should可以省略。☞Hermothersuggestedthatsheshouldgoandseethedoctor.她妈妈建议她去看医生。【特别提醒】★suggest表"暗示",insist表"坚持认为"时不用虚拟语气。试比较:☞HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。☞HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。☞Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。☞Isuggestedthatyouhadasecretunderstandingwithhim.我觉得你与他心照不宣。2.用于主语从句中常见句型:Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/essential/...+that...Itissb’sorder/desire/suggestion/advice/...+that...6Itissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/...+that从句谓语形式:(should+)动词原形☞Itisorderedthatthearmy(should)getthereby4a.m.军队必须在上午4点之前到达那里。☞Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。☞Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人们建议会议推迟到下周。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是"should+动词原形",should可以省略。☞Hisdemandisthattheboyshouldgowithhim.他要求这个男孩和他一起去。☞Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.我们的建议是你应该第一个去。☞Heissuedtheorderthatthetroops(should)withdrawatonce.他命令部队马上撤退。(2016·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.【参考答案】删除can或can改为should考向六wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望,构成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式(be一律用were。☞IwishIkneweverythingintheworld.我希望我知道世界上的一切。☞Iwishthattheexperimentwereasuccess.我希望实验是成功的。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望,构成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could+have+过去分词或had+过去分词。☞Iwishthatyouhadcalledyesterday.我希望你昨天打来电话。☞Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishIhadbeenthere.我没有去参加聚会,但我真希望我去过那儿。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望,构成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。7☞Iwishthathecouldtryagain.我希望他能再试一次。☞IwishthatsomedayIshouldliveonthemoon.我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。(2015·天津)IwishI______atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen【参考答案】D考向七其他句型中的虚拟语气1.wouldrather后的宾语从句中,表示愿望,意为"宁愿;但愿"。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。☞Iwouldratherhehadpassedtheexam.我宁愿他通过了那次考试。2.在"Itis(about/high)time+that从句"中,谓语动词常用过去式或"should+动词原形"表示虚拟语气,注意should不可省略。☞It’shightimethatwedevotedourselvestoenvironmentalprotection.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。3.asif,asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。☞Theytalkedandtalkedas
本文标题:备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过专题20虚拟语气(含解析)
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