小学语法形容词和副词

1第五章形容词和副词一、形容词、副词概述1、形容词定义：形容词(adjective)，简称adj，用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、副词定义：副词(adverb)，简称adv，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。二、形容词、副词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：形容词的功能及位置考点1：形容词作定语。形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。Helivesinabeautifulhouse.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snews.今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。典型例题1Itisakindof________(health)food.答案：healthy典型例题2Doyouknow________inthisfield?A.anybodyfamousB.famousanybodyC.somebodyfamousD.famoussomebody答案：A典型例题3WealllikeJulia,becausesheisa________girl.A.alikeB.lovelyC.awakeD.well答案：B考点2：形容词作表语。①形容词作表语，放在系动词（be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem等）之后。Everythingwillbeallright.一切都会好的。Afteralongwalk,Ifelttired.走了很远的一段路后我累了。②表语形容词只能做表语或后置定语，这类词多半是以a-开头的形容词。2alone单独的asleep熟睡的awake醒着的alike相似的afraid害怕的alive活着的Shewasaloneathome.她独自一人在家。Iwasawakeallnight.我整个晚上都没合眼。Thegirlawakeishisyoungersister.那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。典型例题1---Whatdoyouthinkofthecake?---Ittastes________.A.goodB.badlyC.wellD.terribly答案：A典型例题2The________girlwassmiling.Shelookedvery_______.A.asleep,happyB.slept,sadC.sleeping,happyD.sleep,angrily答案：C典型例题3Weshouldkeep______inthereadingroom.A.quiteB.quietlyC.quietD.quickly答案：C考点3：形容词作宾语补足语。形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。Hekeepstheclassroomcleaneveryday.他们每天保持教室干净。Peopleusuallykeepthevegetablesfreshinthefridge.人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。典型例题1Itisgoodtoleavethedoor______whenitisverycold.A.openB.openedC.closeD.closed答案：D典型例题2WeallloveMissYang.Shealwaysmakesherhistoryclassvery______.A.interestB.interestsC.interestingD.interested答案：C典型例题3Ifoundthedoor_______whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open答案：D考点4：形容词的名词化。3“the+形容词”具有名词特征，表示一类人或事物。如theold(dead,rich,poor,sick,beautiful,new...)①当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Theblindaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。②当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.美丽的并不总是有用的。考点5：形容词的先后顺序。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。限定词数词性状形容词冠词指示代词物主代词序数词基数词描绘性形容词形状大小长短高低年龄新旧温度颜色国籍地区出处材料物质目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecondthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical典型例题1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa____car.A.largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite答案：B典型例题2Therearedinnertablesondisplayinthehall.A.twobigroundnewChinesewoodenB.twoChinesebigroundnewwoodenC.bigroundnewChinesetwowoodenD.bigroundnewtwowoodenChinese答案：A典型例题3Mr.Brownhascar.4A.abeautifulnewAmericanB.anewAmericanbeautifulC.anewbeautifulAmericanD.anAmericanbeautifulnew答案：A考点二：副词的功能及位置考点1：副词的分类及位置。表示类别例句时间now,then,before,ago,early,lately,late,yesterday…地点here,there,above,below,down,up,downstairs,upstairs…程度very,much,so,too,quite,fairly,rather…频率always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,seldom,hardly,never…方式fast,quickly,slowly,happily,quietly…评注honestly,maybe,generally…举例forexample,suchas...疑问when,where,why,how联系therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover,still…位置：1.一般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。2.频率副词放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。3.某些逻辑连接副词，为了强调上下句衔接，放在句子前。4.enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。典型例句Theyarelaughinghappily.他们在高兴地大笑。I’mdoingmyhomeworkcarefully.我在认真的做作业。Sheisneverlateforschool.她上学从不迟到。Weoftengooutforawalkaftersupper.晚饭后我们常常去散步。Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。考点三：形容词副词比较级、最高级考点1：形容词、副词比较级的变化规则。（1）规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭bigbiggerbiggest5音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/esthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest典型例题1Iwishyoudotalkingandsomemorework.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.A.lessB.muchC.moreD.little答案：A典型例题2TherearepeopleinChinathaninIndia.ThatmeansthepopulationofChinaisthanthatofIndia.A.much;smallerB.more;largeC.bigger;moreD.more;larger答案：D典型例题3Wehavesentsomebookstothechildreninthatvillage.However,theystillneed(many).答案：more考点2：形容词、副词原级用法。6①表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as+adj./adv.原级+as”结构。Herunsasfastasyou.他跑的和你一样快。Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.再没有比这更简单的了。②表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“notas/so+adj./adv.原级+as”或“less+adj./adv.原级+than”结构。Thispictureisnotsogoodasthatone.这幅画没有那幅画好。Hedoesn’twriteascarefullyashissister.他写字不如她妹妹细心。③表示“A是B的…倍”时，用“A+is+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B”结构。（一半half；两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times）。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.我们学校是他们学校两倍大。典型例题1Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,________accordingtohimself.A.fivefeeteightastallasB.astallasfivefeeteightC.asfivefeeteighttallasD.astallfivefeeteightas答案：B典型例题2HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot________anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan答案：C典型例题3Wehaveplanted________as________treesastheyhave.A.twotimes;muchB.twotimes;moreC.twice;manyD.twice;more答案：C考点3：形容词、副词比较级用法。①比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“Ais比较级thanB”。Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。Heworksharderth