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动词-ing形式1、包括动名词和现在分词。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词(除be,have外)没有动名词形式2、有主动和被动两种语态,也有一般式、完成式和完成进行式之分主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten完成进行式havingbeenwriting动词的-ing的时态①一般式表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。IenjoylearningEnglish.我喜欢学英语。Isawthemplayingunderabigtree.看见他们正在大树下玩。(同时)Workinghard,you'llbesuccessful.努力工作你就会成功。(稍前)Wemetanaccident,causingthedelay.我们遇到了车祸,所以晚了。(稍后)②完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Shedidn'trememberhavingmethimbefore.Havingfinishedmywork,Isatdowntohavearest.她不记得从前见过他了。完成了工作之后,我坐下来休息。③完成进行式表示在谓动词之前己经开始,一直持续到谓语动词发生时为止,且有可能仍在继续的动作。Iwassatisfiedforhishavingbeenlookingaftermedayandnight.Forgivemeformyhavingbeentroublingyou.他日夜照料我,我很满意。原谅我打扰了你。动词的-ing的语态1、有主动和被动两种形式①主动语态Walkinginthestreetyesterday,hecameacrossMr.Smith.②被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式(beingdone)表示一个被动动作正在进行,或与谓语动词的动作同时发生;完成式(havingbeendone)表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。昨天他在大街上散步时遇到了史密斯先生。Havingbeencheatedmanytimes,shenowbelievesinnobody.③-动词的-ing形式主动式表被动含义a.在形容词worth之后的动名词,用主动形式表达被动含义Thefilmiswellworthreading.由于多次受骗,她现在对任何人都不信任。这部电影很值得看。b.在动词want,need,require后跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义,这几个动词也可以跟不定式的被动形式去表达被动含义。二者无任何区别。Theroomrequirescleaning.=Theroomrequirestobecleaned.Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.房间需要打扫了。我的头发需要理了。动词-ing的否定式在动名词前加notI'msorryfornotfinishingmytaskontime.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.因为不知道比尔的电话号码,她和他联系遇到了困难。对不起没有按时完成任务。动词-ing的复合结构1、由名词所有格或形容词性物主代词加动词-ing构成Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.Yourgoingtherewillhelpalot.你今天下午给我打电话我很感激。你到那里对事情将大有帮助。动词-ing的句法功能(1)动词-ing形式作主语Walkingisagoodhabit.有时,为了平衡句子结构,也可用it作形式主语而把动名词置后Itispleasantworkingwithyou.步行是个好习惯。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。(2)动词的-ing形式作宾语①作动词宾语Headmittedtakingthewatch.只跟动词的-ing作宾语的动词有:admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,forgive,finish,giveup,can'thelp他承认拿了手表。②作介词宾语Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.(3)动词的-ing形式作表语①说明主语的内容,表语和主语可以互换位置,相当于不定式Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。眼见为实。②说明主语的性质或特征Themusicisexciting.(4)动词-ing形式作定语①说明所修饰中心词的用途,表示“供作……之用”(usedfor)的意思Thisisashopdealingwithhats.②说明所修饰中心词的性质,表示“……的”意思这首音乐令人兴奋。这是一家出售帽子的商店。Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthebigtree?(5)作宾语补足语或主语补足语①在感觉、感官动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语,这类动词有find,feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,smell,watch等Hisfathersawhimsittingonthebeach.你认识那个躺在树下的男孩吗?他父亲看见他坐在沙滩上。②在使役动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语,这类动词有catch,get,have,leave,set,start,keep等Shehadthelightburningallnightlong.(6)动词的-ing形式作状语①作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.她让灯亮了一夜。完成了工作之后,他们休息。②作原因状语时相当于as,since,because引导的从句Beingill(=Becauseshewasill),shewenthome.③作条件状语时相当于if,unless引导的从句。常见的词由supposing,consideringWorkinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),you'llsucceed.由于病了,她回家了。努力工作,你会成功的。④作结果状语时相当于so,sothat等引导的从句Shedied,leavingnothingbutdebts.⑤作让步状语时相当于though,evenif等引导的从句Weighing50kilograms(=Thoughitweighed50kilograms),thesuitcasewascarriedawaybyhimonly.虽然这箱子重50千克,但他独自搬走了。她死了,除了债什么也没留下。6、动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构(1)名词(代词)+动词的-ingMarycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.由于天气好,我们出去散步了。(表原因)玛丽回来后,他们一起讨论那件事。(表时间)(2)There+being结构多放在句首,being不可省Therebeingnothingtodo,weplayedgames.(3)with+宾语+动词-ing独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语或定语Hefellasleepwiththelightburning.没有什么可做,我们玩起了游戏。他开着灯睡着了。7、动词的-ing形式的常见结构havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingsth.Thereisdifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingsth.haveapleasant/goodtimeindoingsth.waste/spendtimedoingsthbebusy(in)doingsthbusyoneselfindoingsth.It'sfun/boringdoingsth8、动词的-ing形式短语accordingto根据,judgingfrom/by从……判断,talkingof谈到,allowingfor考虑到,gettingbackto回到,settingaside除开Judgingby/fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.从口音来判断,他一定是个南方人。9、副词+speakinggenerallyspeaking总地说来franklyspeaking坦率地说honestlyspeaking诚实地说strictlyspeaking严格地说Generallyspeaking,theworkwasdonequitewell.总的说来,这项工作干得不错。典型例题1.______thebadnewsmadehimcry.A.HearB.HeardC.HearingD.Ishearing2.Beforehecame,I’dfinished_______thewholebook.A.toreadB.tohavereadC.readingD.readCC3.Whenyoufindsomethinginyourwritingthatneeds_____,youshouldmarkitonthepaper.A.tobecorrectingB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting4.___thewaytotake,thetravellerwentonhisjourney.A.TellingB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.HavetoldDC5.____,weleftoffourwork.A.AftersettingthesunB.HavingsetthesunC.ThesunhavingsetD.Beingthesunset6.Youmustbecarefulwhen___onthehighway.A.youdrivingB.aredrivingC.drivingD.youweredrivingCCThankYou
本文标题:5高中语法――动词-ing形式
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