高中语法定语从句介词+关系代词_必修二

介词+关系代词1.用法关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引导2.结构先行词是人用“介词+whom”先行词是物用“介词+which”e.g.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thegirlaboutwhomwearetalkingisadoctor.我们正在谈论的那个女孩是个医生。他曾经上学的学校非常著名。知识结构图：“介词+关系代词”⑴先行词是⑵选介词介词+whom介词+which人物①介词与先行词的关系②从句里谓语动词或形容词的固定搭配③句子表达的意义介词+关系代词介词+关系代词:介词的选择1.根据先行词来确定介词Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam.ThisisthevillageinwhichIstayedlastnight.IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIworkedwithyou.ontheday在那天inthevillage在乡村onthefarm在农场介词+关系代词:介词的选择2.根据定从中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词HeisthepersonfromwhomIlearnalot.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.ThemanwithwhomIshookhandsjustnowisateacher.learnfromsb.向某人学习befamousfor:因…..而闻名shakehandswithsb.与某人握手介词+关系代词:介词的选择3.根据主从句的句意确定介词Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen,withwhichheiswritingnow,wasboughtyesterday.Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.介词+关系代词1.有些含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开,介词仍放在后面,如:lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareof等e.g.Thebabywhomthenurseislookingafterisveryhealthy.注意：Thewinterholidaythatwehavelookedforwardtoforalongtimeiscoming.ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.介词+关系代词2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有不定代词(some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等),数词,百分数,或形容词最高级修饰。Shehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.注意：Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Ihavemanyfriends,thetallestofwhomisLee.介词+关系代词3.若先行词为时间名词,地点名词或reason,“介词+关系代词”可用相关的关系副词when,where,why替换e.g.Beijingisthecity_________________hehaslivedmanyyears.注意：Thereason________________hewaslateisn’tclear.Iremembertheday________________Igoabroad.inwhich=(where)onwhich=(when)forwhich=(why)介词+关系代词4.whose引导的定语从句,关系代词whose可替换为“the+名词+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”e.g.注意：Iknowaboywhosefatherisadoctor.Iliveinthehousewhoseroofisred.=theroofofwhichisred.=ofwhichtheroofisred.=thefatherofwhomisadoctor.=ofwhomthefatherisadoctor.介词+关系代词:练习1.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10.2.Doyoulikethebook_________shepaid$10.3.Doyoulikethebook___________shetalks?4.Theman________Ispokeisgoodatwriting.5.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,________weareproud.6.Thefactoryproducesamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_________aresoldabroad.7.Twomen,neither_________Ihadeverseenbefore,cametomyoffice.onwhichforwhichaboutwhichtowhomofwhichofwhichofwhom1.(2013•浙江卷)Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom2.(2013•重庆卷)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom介词+关系代词:练习DD4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich5.Pleasepassmethedictionary______isblack.A.B.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.itscover3.(2013•北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where=inwhichcoverofwhich=thecoverofwhichDCC介词+关系代词+不定式•Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichtosupporthisfamily.•=Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichhecouldsupporthisfamily..“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点归纳1.简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。高考考例：1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3.(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考点2复杂介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided？考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。高考考例：1.(04湖北)Therearetwobuildings,__standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich2.(04辽)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%____aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat