物理专业英语复习题库

专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译Asphericalsystemofcoordinates球坐标系Absolutescale绝对温标Absolutetemperature绝对温度Absolutezero绝对零度Acuteangle锐角Adiabaticprocess绝热过程Adjacent邻近的Amountofheat热量Amplitude振幅Analyticalexpression解析式Angularmomentum角动量Angularvelocity角速度Annihilate湮灭Appreciable相当多的Approximatesolution近似解Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的Assumethat假设Atconstantpressure定压Atrest静止的，Axialsymmetry轴对称Axisofrotation转轴Beindependentof独立的，Beproportionalto与……成正比Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Centerofmass质心Centripetalforce向心力Cgs厘米-克-秒制（Centimeter-Gram-Second）Changeinjumps突变Chaotic无序的Chargebyconduct接触起电Chargebyinduction感应起电Circulationmotion圆周运动Classicalmechanics经典力学Coefficient系数Coherent相干性Combustionengine内燃机Comparison参照物Compensate补偿，抵消Conductor导体Consecutive连贯的Consequently结果，因此Conservation守恒Considerable相当大的Constant常量Constructiveinterference干涉相长Coordinatesystem坐标系Coulomb’slaw库仑定律Counter-phase反相Cross-sectional横截面Curl旋度Curvilinearmotion曲线运动Cyclicprocess循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator分母Density密度Derivative导数Destructiveinterference干涉相消Developing显影Deviationfrom脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference差异Diffraction衍射Dimension维Discretevalue离散值Displacement位移Distance距离Distributionfunction分布函数Divergence散度Dynamics动力学Elasticcollision弹性碰撞Electricdipole电偶极子Electricfield电场Electricpotential电势Electricpotentialenergy电势能Electricallypolarized电极化Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁学Electron电子Electrostatic静电Elementarymass元质量，质量元Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光剂Energy能量Energylevel能级Entropy熵Equilibrium平衡Equipartitionprinciple均分定理Ether以太Exposure曝光Externalforce外力Factor因素Firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律Focalplane焦平面Fraunhoferdiffraction夫琅和费衍射Freefall自由落体Friction摩擦力Gammaphoton伽马射线Generaltheoryrelativity广义相对论Geometrical几何的Gradient梯度Gravity重力，地心引力Growproportionallyto正比增长Harmonicfunction调和函数Harmonicoscillator谐振子Heat热Heatcapacity热容Heatengine热机Heattransfer热传递Hence因此Histogram直方图Hologram全息图Holography全系照相Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens’Principle惠更斯原理Hypotheticalmedium假设介质Idealgass理想气体Identical同一的，完全相同的Illuminate说明Impart给予Impulse冲量Inalienable不可分割的Incidentlight入射光Inclination倾角Incoherene非相干的Increase增加Increment增量Inertia惯性Inertialreferenceframe惯性参考系Infraredradiation红外辐射Initialmoment初始时刻Instantaneous瞬间的Insulator绝缘体Integral积分Interference干涉Internalenergy内能Internalforce内力Intra-molecularenergy分子内能Isotropic各向同性的Kinematics运动学Lawofcosinesquare余弦定理Lengthcontraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass质量Mass-energyconversion质能转换Meandistance平均距离Mechanicalequivalentofheat热功当量Mechanics力学Medium介质Microscopic微观的Molarheatgascapacity气体摩尔热容Mole摩尔Molecularphysics分子物理学Momentum动量Monatomic单原子Monochromaticlight单色光Motion运动Multiply乘以Neutron中子Newton’sfirstlaw牛顿第一定律Non-equilibriumstate非平衡态Normalacceleration法向加速度Normalto垂直于Nuclei原子核Nucleon核子Numerator分子Objectbeam物体光束Obtuseangle钝角Operator算符Overlap重叠Polarization两极分化极化Parallelaxistheorem平行轴定理Parallelbeams平行光束Parallelrays平行光Parallelogrammethod平行四边形法则Parameterofstate状态参数Perfectlyrigidbody刚体Perpendicular垂直的Phasedifference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Pointcharge点电荷Pointparticle质点Power功率Preference优先权Principleofrelativity相对性原理Probability可能性Probabilitydistributionfunction概率分布函数Projection投影Propagate传播Proton质子Pseudoscopic幻视镜的Quantitativeconclusion定量结论Quasi-static准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄的Realimage实像Rectilinearmotion直线运动Redistribution重新分配Referenceframe参考系Referencewave参考波Relativeatomicmassofanelement相对原子质量Relativemolecularmassofsubstance相对分子质量Relaxationprocess弛豫过程Relaxationtime弛豫时间Reversible(process)可逆过程Rotationalinertia转动惯量Scalar标量Scalarfield标量场Semiconductor半导体Semitransparent半透明的Solidangle立体角Spatialcoherence空间相干性Specialtheoryofrelativity狭义相对论Specificheatcapacity比热容Speed速度速率Stationary固定的Subscript下标Superpose重叠的Superposition叠加Symmetry对称的Temperature温度Temporalcoherence时间相干性Terminalvelocity末速度Testcharge检验电荷Thedifferenceonopticalpath光程差Theequationofstateofanidealgass理想气体物态方程Themagnitudeofavector向量的大小Thenumberofdegreeoffreedom自由度数量Thereciprocalof倒数Therefractiveindex折射率Theright-handscrewrule右手螺旋定则Thesecondderivativeof二阶导数Thesquareofdistance距离的平方Thetangentialacceleration切向加速度Thermodynamictemperaturescale热力学温标Threedimensional三维的Timeaveragedvalue时间均值Timedilation时间膨胀Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsionbalance扭秤Translationmotion平动Triatomic三原子的Tuningfork音叉Twinparadox孪生佯谬Ultravioletlight紫外线Undeformablebody不可形变体，刚体Uniformcircularmotion匀速圆周运动Unittime单位时间Vectorfield矢量场Vectors矢量Velocity速度,矢量Virtualimage虚像Wavelength波长Wavenumber波数Weight重量二、段落翻译翻译('54)1、Forastationaryfield,theworkdoneonaparticlebytheforcesofthefieldmaydependontheinitialandfinalpositionoftheparticleandnotdependonthepathalongwhichtheparticlemoved.Forceshavingsuchapropertyarecalledconservative.对于固定的场,力作用在质点上的公取决于初始位置和末位置,而与路径无关,具有这个性质的力叫保守力.2、Acombinationofbodiesthatarestationaryrelativetooneanotherwithrespecttowhichmotionisbeingconsideredanatimepieceindicatingthetimeformsareferenceframe.由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示（记录）时间的仪器，一起构成了参考系统。3、Theconceptsofanequilibrium,stateandareversibleprocessplayagreatpartinthermodynamics.Allthequantitativeconclusionsofthermodynamicsarestrictlyapplicable(适用)onlytoequilibriumstatesandreversibleprocesses.可逆过程和平衡态是热力学里重要的部分,所有的热力学定量结论都严格适合于平衡态和可逆过程.4、Ifagasisinequilibrium,itsmoleculesmove