您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 其它行业文档 > 第二部分 第十讲 虚拟语气
虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设if+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.如果我是你,我就抓住这次出国的机会。虚拟条件句主句例句与过去事实相反的假设if+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你早听了我的意见,你考试就能通过了。虚拟条件句主句例句与将来事实相反的假设1.if+主语+动词的过去式2.if+主语+wereto+动词原形3.if+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.如果明天他不来,我们就把会议推迟到下周一了。使用虚拟语气要注意以下几点:1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你以前好好学习的话,你现在早就是大学生了。2.if省略句。if引导的条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早些,你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with,without,butfor。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)?如果你有100万美元,你会做什么?Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,...=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,...=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,...没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。4.在含蓄条件句中,有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。常见的有otherwise,or,but等。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。1.(2010·陕西高考)Ifwe________theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken解析:此题考查虚拟语气。句意:要是我们走其他的路,我们有可能及时到达这儿参加会议了。根据句意可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。答案:B2.(2011·福州模拟)We'restillattheairport.Ifitweren'tforthedelayedflight,we________theconcertrightnow.A.canbeenjoyingB.musthaveenjoyedC.wouldbeenjoyingD.shouldhaveenjoyed解析:考查虚拟语气。if条件句中的虚拟要注意:对现在状况的虚拟,条件句中用“一般过去时态,be动词用were”,而主句用“should/would/could/might+do”,同时根据rightnow可知,此处是对正在进行的状态的虚拟,故选C项。答案:C3.(2011·厦门质检)—Thankyouforremindingmeofthetime,orI________lateyesterday.—Don'tmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeen解析:考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用would+havedone。第一句句意:谢谢你提醒我时间,不然昨天我就迟到了。答案:D1.用于宾语从句中。(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would/could+动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。HowIwishIhadlistenedtomyparents'advice!我多么希望听了父母的建议!HowIwishitweren'trainingnow.我多希望现在没下雨啊(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建议我们第二天早点出发。(3)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其结构为:wouldrathersb.+过去时过去完成时从句动作先发生Iwouldrathertheydidn'thearofthenews.我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldhimthenewsyet.我宁愿你没把消息告诉他。2.用于主语从句中。itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential+that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人们建议会议推迟到下周。Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.(act在主句谓语动词be之前发生,所以要用“shouldhaveacted”)真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中。在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。1.(2010·福建高考)Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn'tallowD.couldn'tallow解析:考查虚拟语气。recommend后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气,其结构为“(should+)动词原形”,这里省略了should,故A正确。答案:A2.(2011·潍坊质检)Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________toBeijingfortheH1N1flusoon.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent解析:考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order,suggest,command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用should+do,should可以省略。故选C。答案:C1.itis(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虚拟语气。在句型“itis(high/about)time(that)...”后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。Itistime(that)wewenthome.我们该回家了。2.ifonly引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。在“ifonly”引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might+动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!要是上周我没病该多好啊!3.asif从句中的虚拟语气。asif从句中,看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.天看上去似乎要下雨。Thekidtalksasifhewereagrownup.这孩子说起话来像个成年人似的。(2011·合肥质检)—Sorry,Daddy.Iamnotgettingonwellwithmystudies.—Well.________youhadn'twastedsomuchtimeplayingonlinegames.A.AsifB.EvenifC.IfonlyD.Onlyif解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:“爸爸,对不起,我的学习情况不太好。”“哦,要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。”ifonly(但愿)接虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的假设。asif“好像”,evenif“即使”,onlyif“只有”,都是状语从句的连词,不符合句意。答案:C1.(2011·西城区模拟)Iftransportcosts________intoconsiderationatthebeginning,thefactorywouldhavebeenbuiltfarfromitspresentplace.A.willbetakenB.weretakenC.hadbeentakenD.werebeingtaken解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。从主句的“wouldhavebeenbuilt”来看,这是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句要用过去完成时。答案:C2.(2011·福建龙岩检测)—Ididn'tattendthelectureyesterday.—I________,either,ifmymotherhadn'
本文标题:第二部分 第十讲 虚拟语气
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6454286 .html