英语语法专题-----句子成分和基本句型

英语语法专题句子成分和基本句型冠词(art)感叹词(int)连词(conj)介词(prep)虚词副词(adv)名词(n)代词(pron)数词(num)形容词(adj)动词(v)实词•名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词、副词在句中独立承担成分，我们称之为实词。•介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独立担任部分，只起辅助的作用，我们称之为虚词。句子的成分died.Mycatdied.主语句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。Hewasborninasmallvillage.代词Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.名词Theoldmantoldusastory.名词或短语Monkeyeatsbananas.Itismybook.Oneand(plus)oneistwo.Hardworkingleadstosuccess.Tofinishhomeworkisamusttostudent.Whatmakestheteacherangryisthatheistalkinginclassagain.名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句Mr.GreenMr.Greendiedyesterday.谓语说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词短语构成.Hearrived.Ilikeapples.itgetscold不及物动词及物动词系表结构系动词(额外补充)亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.ThereasonisthatIstayeduplastnight.名词或短语形容词句子IlikeIlikeswimming宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。Ilikeapples.Hegavemeabook.HelikestoplaybasketballWethinkpredictingthefutureishard.名词代词名短不定式句子宾语补足语（宾补）•有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。•Healwaysmakesus_____.happy定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后Whatalovelyday!Ihavealotofworktodo.Thisiaaswimmingpool.Therearetwobutterflies.Iknowthegirlunderthetree.Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.形容词动词不定式动词-ing数词介词短语从句状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：Hearrivedyesterday.IhaveafriendinAmerica.IlikedreadingstorybookswhenIwasachild.时间副词地点介短句子practice1.Heisangry.2.Janeisgoinghomefromschool.3.Themaniswearingablackjacket.4.Thetextisverydifficult.5.Isawhimreadinginthesun.6.Sheputthedishesonthetable.7.Wefoundtheexerciseeasy.8.Thoughitwasrainingheavily,westillwenttoschool.9.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.10.Helentmethebike.11.WegotoBritainonceayear.12.Lookattheblackboard.•13.Themanwithasmileismyteacher.•14.Thefoodontheplatewentbad.•16.Hisjobistoprotecttheinnocent.•17.Youmustn’tgooutnow.•18.Iusedtogotoworkonfoot.•19.Mysisterlooksbeautiful.•20.Therearemanywomenteachersinourschool.1.主语+系(link-v.)+表语2.主语+谓语3.主语+谓语+宾语4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语五种基本句型1.主语+系(link-v.)+表语HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.2.主语+谓语(vi.)Hearrived.Hearrivedyesterday.Hecameback.3.主语+谓语（vt./vi+介词)+宾语Ilikeapples.Sheoftenlistenstomusic.HearrivedatKunmingyesterday4.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Hegavemeabook.Theoldmantoldusastory.Motherboughtmeanewwatch.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Heencouragedmetostudyhard.ShesawtheboysinginginclassroomTomaskedLilytohelphim.巩固练习：•判断下列句子属于哪种句型•1.Theyworkhard.•2.Theflowerisdead.•3.Plantsneedwater.•4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.•5.Thecaketastesdelicious.•6.Classesbeginateighteveryday.•7.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.•8.Jimcannotdresshimself.•9.Mr.JohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.•10.ShallIcallyouataxi?