虚拟语气.PPT

虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句；2、名词性虚拟语气；3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：句型1：If＋主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形,如：(1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.(2)Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.•2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：句型2：If＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：(3)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(4)IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.•3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：句型3：If＋主语＋过去时/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形,主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，如：(5)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(6)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(7)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.•注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型,如:•(8)Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.•3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：(9)Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(10)WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(11)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.•二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：句型4：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：(12)MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）(13)Itwasrequiredthatthecrops(should)beharvestedatonce.（主语从句）•(14)Itissurprisingthatsheshouldn’tpassthemathsexam.（主语从句）(15)Thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）(16)Theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.（表语从句）•注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”“must”“could”等。•三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型5：wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致：主语＋过去时；与过去愿望不一致：主语＋had＋过去分词/could＋have＋过去分词；与未来愿望不一致：主语＋would（could）＋动词原形。如；(17)IwishIwereyou.(18)IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasintheUnitedStates.(19)IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.•句型6：It’stime句型：当It’stime后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋动词原形或主语＋过去时，例如：(20)It’stimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.•句型7：Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”，如：•(21)Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。(22)IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。•句型8：wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：•(23)I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(24)I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.(25)Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.(26)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.句型9：without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如：(27)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.(28)Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.(29)Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(30)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.(31)Ishouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasbusy.(32)Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!•句型10：Ifitwerenotfor.../Ifithadn’tbeenfor...(要不是因为...),其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。如：•(33)Ifitwerenotforhishelp,Iwouldn’tgohomenow.•(34)Ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersontheboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.