Silane_Coupling_Agent

NSiCH3OCH3CH3OH2NCH2CH2CH2SiOC2H5OC2H5OC2H5PCH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3NCH2CH2CH2Si(OEt)3HOCH2CH2HOCH2CH2SiCH2CH2SiOC2H5C2H5OOC2H5OC2H5OC2H5OC2H5SilaneCouplingAgents:ConnectingAcrossBoundariesEnhanceAdhesionIncreaseMechanicalPropertiesImproveDispersionProvideCrosslinkingImmobilizeCatalystsBindBiomaterialsEnhanceAdhesionIncreaseMechanicalPropertiesImproveDispersionProvideCrosslinkingImmobilizeCatalystsBindBiomaterialsVersion2.0:NewCouplingAgentsforMetalSubstrates!NewCouplingAgentsforVaporPhaseDeposition!NewCouplingAgentsforProteins!Gelest,Inc.Telephone:General215-547-1015OrderEntry888-734-8344FAX:[phone]Internet::ABCRGmbH&Co.KGImSchlehertD-76187KarlsruheGermanyTel:[phone]Fax:[phone]e-mail:[e-mail]-linecatalog::81-3-5543-1630Fax:[phone]email:[e-mail]-linecatalog:Gelest,Inc.SalesofallproductslistedaresubjecttothepublishedtermsandconditionsofGelest,Inc.AltusTechnologiesPteLtd196PandanLoop#06-09PantechIndustrialComplexSingapore128384Tel:[phone]Fax:[phone]Gelest,Inc.[phone]FAX:[phone]:03-5543-0312:DipodalSilanes.....................................................11LinkerLength......................................................12CyclicAzasilanes....................................................13ThermalStabilityofSilanes............................................14AqueousSystems&Water-BorneSilanes.................................15MaskedSilanes-LatentFunctionality....................................16CouplingAgentsforMetalSubstrates....................................17DifficultSubstrates..................................................18ApplyingaSilaneCouplingAgent..........................................19SilaneCouplingAgentsforPolymers-SelectionChart..........................21SilaneCouplingAgentsforBiomaterials-SelectionChart........................24SilaneCouplingAgents-Properties........................................25Organosilane-ModifiedSilicaNanoparticles..................................54FurtherInformation-OtherResources......................................55Index...............................................................56SilaneCouplingAgents:ConnectingAcrossBoundariesv2.0byBarryArkles©Copyright2006Gelest,Inc.SilaneCouplingAgentsConnectingAcrossBoundariesSubstrateSurfaceSubstrateSurfaceR(CH2)nSiOHOHOHHOSiOHOOSiOPolymerOSiOHOOSiOOHOHSi(CH2)nRR’PolymerR’WhatisaSilaneCouplingAgent?Silanecouplingagentshavetheabilitytoformadurablebondbetweenorganicandinorganicmaterials.Encountersbetweendissimilarmaterialsofteninvolveatleastonememberthat’ssiliceousorhassurfacechemistrywithsiliceousproperties;silicates,aluminates,borates,etc.,aretheprincipalcomponentsoftheearth’scrust.Interfacesinvolvingsuchmaterialshavebecomeadynamicareaofchemistryinwhichsurfaceshavebeenmodifiedinordertogeneratedesiredheterogeneousenvironmentsortoincorporatethebulkpropertiesofdifferentphasesintoauniformcompositestructure.Thegeneralformulaforasilanecouplingagenttypi-callyshowsthetwoclassesoffunctionality.Xisahydrolyzablegrouptypicallyalkoxy,acyloxy,halogenoramine.Followinghydrolysis,areactivesilanolgroupisformed,whichcancondensewithothersilanolgroups,forexample,thoseonthesurfaceofsiliceousfillers,toformsiloxanelinkages.Stablecondensationproductsarealsoformedwithotheroxidessuchasthoseofalu-minum,zirconium,tin,titanium,andnickel.Lessstablebondsareformedwithoxidesofboron,iron,andcarbon.AlkalimetaloxidesandcarbonatesdonotformstablebondswithSi-O-.TheRgroupisanonhydrolyzableorganicradicalthatmaypossesafunctionalitythatimpartsdesiredcharacteristics.Thefinalresultofreactinganorganosilanewithasubstraterangesfromalteringthewettingoradhesioncharacteristicsofthesubstrate,utilizingthesubstratetocatalyzechemicaltransformationsattheheterogeneousinterface,orderingtheinterfacialregion,andmodifyingitspartitioncharacteristics.Significantly,itincludestheabilitytoeffectacovalentbondbetweenorganicandinorganicmaterials.2Gelest,Inc.AZmaxTEL:03-5543-1630FAX:[phone](215)547-1015FAX:[phone](CH2)n—Si—X3OrganofunctionalGroupLinkerSiliconatomHydrolyzableGroupsTrialkoxysilane(CH2)nRSiXXXMonoalkoxysilane(CH2)nRSiXCH3H3CHowdoesaSilaneCouplingAgentWork?Mostofthewidelyusedorganosilaneshaveoneorganicsub-stituentandthreehydrolyzablesub