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1化学专业英语ChemistryEnglish高爱梅理一栋221室,13760845580gaoam@scnu.edu.cn2主要内容:通过对化学专业的原版文章的学习,了解无机、有机化合物的命名规则,学习无机化学、有机化学、分析化学和物理化学方向的科技论文的阅读和写作。目的:通过本课程的学习,掌握化学专业词汇的形成规律、基本特点及构词方法,进而较轻松自如地掌握专业词汇、并做到译文准确通顺,符合汉语习惯。基本词汇和基本的翻译写作技能3考核方式:以最终考试为主,占70%;平时占30%教材:《化学专业英语》,北京师范大学出版社,汪辉亮主编主要参考书目:化学专业英语兰州大学出版社应用化学专业英语化学工业出版社科技英语论文写作西安交通大学出版社4Chaper1MatterandmeasurementChemistryChemistry:definition,object,functioninorganicchemistryorganicchemistryphysicalchemistryanalyticalchemistrypolymerchemistrybiochemistryradiochemistrytheoreticalchemistry5MatterPureSubstancesMixturesElementsCompoundsHomogeneousmixturesHeterogeneousmixtures6PhaseofMattersolidliquidgasplasma将气体加热,当其原子达到几千甚至上万摄氏度时,电子就被甩掉,原子变成只带正电荷的离子。此时,电子和离子带的电荷相反,但数量相等,这种状态称做等离子态。7PropertiesofMatterChemicalpropertiesPhysicalpropertiesPhysicalpropertiesPhysicalchange8SedimentationordecantationFiltrationEvaporationCrystallizationSublimationDistillationSolventextractionmethodMethodsforseparation91.3Atoms,MoleculesandCompoundsMoleculeisthesmallestparticleofasubstancethatretainsthechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofthesubstanceandiscomposedoftwoormoreatoms;(Moleculeis被省略)agroupoflikeordifferentatomsheldtogetherbychemicalforces.that指thesmallestparticleorMolecule。Molecule:分子Molecular:分子的,由分子组成的10Achemicalelementisapurechemicalsubstanceconsistingofonetypeofatomdistinguishedbyitsatomicnumber,whichisthenumberofprotonsinitsnucleus.化学单质是由同一种原子组成的纯化学物质,而原子则需通过它们的原子序数来区分,原子序数即原子核中的质子数。11Thetermisalsousedtorefertoapurechemicalsubstancecomposedofatomswiththesamenumberofprotons.这个术语(指chemicalelement)也可以指由相同质子数的原子组成的纯化学物质。12AtomElectronProtonAtomicnucleusNeutronAtomicnumber=thenumberofprotonMassnumber=thenumberofproton+neutron13SignificantFigures459(3)0.206(3)2.17(3)0.00693(3)25.6(3)7390(3)7390.(4)?5.06×104(3significantfigures)5.060×104(4significantfigures)5.0600×104(5significantfigures)14e.g.12.6isroundedto1312.4isroundedto1212.51isroundedto1311.5isroundedto1212.5isroundedto12Rulesforroundingoffnumbers:四舍六入五留双Round:vt.四舍五入vt.,vi.(常与up,down连用)四舍五入计算roundoff:用四舍五入化为整数15ArithmeticusingsignificantfiguresRule:Theaccuracyofacalculatedresultislimitedbytheleastaccuratemeasurementinvolvedinthecalculation.e.g.1)100+23.643=1232)3.0×12.60=3816术语说明性用语的表达一、直接使用“定义”一词“定义”一词的英语为be、definition(名词)或define(动词)1.使用系动词bee.g.:①Chemistryisthescienceofmatterandthechangesitundergoes.②Aphysicalchangeisachangethatdoesnotalterthechemicalidentityofthematter.2.使用definitione.g.:Thescientificdefinitionofmatteris“anythingthatoccupiesspaceandpossessesmass”.173.使用define句型:①M被定义为NA)MisdefinedasNB)MisdefinedtobeN例:Matterisusuallydefinedasanythingthathasmassandoccupiesspace.②M由N来定义A)MisdefinedbyNB)MisdefinedintermsofN③我们定义M为NA)wedefineMasNB)wedefineMintermsofN18二、使用‘称为’等词句型1:M称为(叫作)NA)Miscalled(termed)NB)MisknownasNC)MisreferredtoasND)MisspokenofasNE)MistermedN例:①Chemistryisoftencalledthecentralscience.②Scientificnotation,alsoknownasstandardformorasexponentialnotation,isawayofwritingnumbers.句型2:我们称M为NWerefertoMasN19三、使用“意指”含义的词句型:M的意思是A)ByMonerefersto……B)ByMwemean(imply)that……C)Misdefinedtomean……例:Bythespeedoftransmissiononereferstotheinstantaneousrateatwhichtheinformationistransferredoverthecommunicationfacility.20因果关系表达用语1.“因为”的表达词英语中表达因为的词有because,since,as和for区别:一般说,当原因构成一个句子的主要成部分时,采用because为好,如原因已为人们所知或不如句子其它成份重要,以采用since和as为好,since通常比as更正式一些。若句中的原因只是作为一种补充说明,则采用for为好。汉语中常有因为……所以的搭配练习,但英语中则不能这样用,没有because……so……212.有关原因的表达用语(1)使用because(后接从句)或becauseof(后接短语)e.g:Solidsandliquidsaretermedcondensedphasesbecauseoftheirwell-definedvolumes.因为:because……部分原因:partlybecauseof……主要是因为:largelybecauseof……正因为这样:Becausethisisso……之所以这样称呼是因为:Socalledbecause……这主要是因为:Thisarisesmainlybecause……不是因为……而是因为……:notbecause…butbecause不仅因为……而且因为……:notonlybecause…butalsobecause22(2)使用Sincesince和because一样,也是连接从句(3)使用as引导的原因状语从句(4)使用for(a)for为连词时,后接一个句子如:Clearlythisresultisnotreliableforwecouldnotobtainthesameresulteventhoughwerepeatedtheexperimentseveraltimes.(b)for为介词时IwouldliketothankProf.Wangforhishelpfulcomments.233.“因……而”含义的表达用语“因……而”的:resultfrom,arisefrom,originatefromresultfrom…(在句中可作谓语)resultingfrom作定语或因…或因…而造成的resultsfromeither…or…不是因…或…而是因…doesnotresultfrom…orfrom…butratherfrom…因…而出名isrenownedfor…因…而受限制islimitedfor(by)…244.“由于、鉴于、既然、因为”等的其他表达方式常用的有duetoowingtobyvirtueofasaresultofinviewofonaccountofaccountforresultinleadtoForexample:①Thereisalwayssomedegreeofuncertaintyduetoexperimentalerrors:limitationsofthemeasuringinstrument,variationsinhoweachindividualmakesmeasurements,orotherconditionsoftheexperiment.②Aphysicalchangeresultsindifferentphysicalproperties.25需要记忆的单词:•chemistry•element•compound•physicalpropertychemicalproperty•atommoleculeatomicnumberprotons•hydrogenoxygensilicon分解:分离:
本文标题:化学专业英语第一章
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