商务英语综合教程-1-Unit3-PPT

U2ActivationActivation_main231VideoGame:WhoIstoArriveFirst?ThemeoftheUnitActivationActivation_1.1Nameasmanytypesofurbantransportasyoucan.ActivationActivation_1.2VideoGame:WhoIstoArriveFirst?Youaretowatchthreepeoplesettingofffromthesamestartingpointbythreedifferentmeans:bike,metroandcarrespectively.Theyaretoarriveatthesamedestination.Whoarrivesfirst?Howmuchdoesthetripcostforeach?Watchthegameandgiveyouranswer.ActivationActivation_1.21.Whoarrivesfirst?2.Doesthisgamealwayshavethesameresult?Themanbycararrivesfirst.Butthecostishighestofthethree.(Metro:$2.9;bike:zero)Thisgamemighthavedifferentresultsiftheroadswereverycrowdedwithtrafficorifthedestinationweredifferent.DetailedReadingTextI_warmup1Warm-upBackground231NoteTakingLookandThinkTEXTITextI_warmup2DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundLookatthepictures,Whatdotheydepict?ThinkofabestsolutiontosolvethetransportprobleminmodernmetropolisesasNewYork,Paris,London,Tokyo,Berlin,Beijing,etc.LookandThinkTEXTITextI_warmup3DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundWatchthevideoclipMetroService.WhatarethefeaturesoftheNewYorksubway?NoteTaking24-hourservice,convenientbutbewilderingTEXTITextI_warmup3DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundDoesyourhometownhavesubway?Ifyes,whatisitlike?Doesitmakeforcomfortabletraveling?Ifno,whyistherenosubway?Summarizeyourideawithadditionalmarkerslikefirst,second,andthen…tomakeyourpointsclear.QuestionsforDiscussionIfthereisnosubway,thefollowingelementsareoftenconsidered:sizeofthecity,passengervolume,trafficontheroad,municipalrevenuesandexpenditure(ifthemunicipalgovernmentistofinancetheconstruction),othermeanstofinancetheconstruction,geologicalconditions(whetherfittoconstructasubway),culturalrelicsunderground(Romeisacaseinpoint),etc.TEXTITextI_BG_mainDetailedReadingWarm-upBackground231AbouttheNewYorkCitySubwayAbouttheAuthor33GraffitiTEXTITextI_BG_1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundAbouttheAuthorBorninLondonin1956,ShashiTharoorwaseducatedinIndiaandtheUnitedStates,completingaPh.D.in1978attheFletcherSchoolofLawandDiplomacyatTuftsUniversity.Hispoliticalcareerbeganin1978,whenhejoinedthestaffoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesinGeneva,andincludedkeyresponsibilitiesinpeace-keepingaftertheColdWarandservedasasenioradvisertotheSecretary-General,aswellastheUnitedNationsUnder-Secretary-GeneralforCommunicationsandPublicInformation.TEXTITextI_BG_2.1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundAbouttheNewYorkCitySubwayThefirstundergroundlineofthesubwayopenedonOctober27,1904,whichbecametheIRTNinthAvenueLine.Thefirstlineofthecity-ownedandoperatedIndependentSubwaySystem(IND)openedin1932;thissystemwasintendedtocompetewiththeprivatesystems.In1940,thetwoprivatesystemswereboughtbythecity.NYsubwayentranceTEXTITextI_BG_2.2DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundTheNewYorkCityTransitAuthority,apublicauthoritypresidedbyNewYorkCity,wascreatedin1953totakeoversubway,bus,andstreetcaroperationsfromtheNYsubwaycity,andwasplacedundercontrolofthestate-levelMetropolitanTransportationAuthorityin1968.TheNewYorkCitySubwayisoneofthemostextensivepublictransportationsystemsintheworld,with468reportedpassengerstations.Thesubwayisalsonotableforbeingamongthefewrapidtransitsystemsintheworldtorun24hoursaday,365daysayear.TEXTITextI_BG_3.1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundThoughitisknownasthesubway,implyingundergroundoperations,about40%ofthesystemrunsonabove-groundright-of-way.(FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia)OnNYsubwayTEXTITextI_BG_2.1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundGraffitiGraffiti(singular:graffito;thepluralisusedasamassnoun)isthenameforimagesorletteringscratched,scrawled,paintedormarkedinanymanneronproperty.TEXTITextI_BG_3.1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundWatchpartoftheearliestdocumentaryaboutsubwaygraffitiinNewYorkCity.Graffitiisanytypeofpublicmarkingsthatmayappearintheformsofsimplewrittenwordstoelaboratewallpaintings.Inmostcountries,defacingpropertywithgraffitiwithoutthepropertyowner'sconsentisconsideredvandalism,whichispunishablebylaw.Sometimesgraffitiisemployedtocommunicatesocialandpoliticalmessages.Tosome,itisanartformworthyofdisplayingalleriesandexhibitions;toothersitismerelyvandalism.TEXTITextI_DR_1DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXTILetterfromAmerica:NotesfromtheUndergroundShashiTharoorOneofthebiggestsurprisesofmylifeinAmericaistheNewYorkCitysubway.I‘veactuallycometoenjoyit.WhenIfirstmovedherein1989,well-meaningfriendswarnedmeawayfromthealready80-year-oldundergroundrailroad,notoriousamongbothresidentsandvisitorsastheleastpleasantandmostdangerousmeansofgettingaroundthisCityThatNeverSleeps.Yetitwasalsothefastestandthemosteconomicalmeansofdoingso.TextI_DR_2DetailedReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXTIWiththatdilemma,IbeganmylifeasaNewYorker－andI'veremainedambivalenteversince.Thesubwayisthethingwelovetohate.Schedulesareunreliable.Trainscomewhentheycome,ornotatall.Breakdownsaresofrequentthatwomenhavebeenknowntogivebirth,stuckinsometunnel.Staffarefewandtheirannouncementsincomprehensible.Theinfrastructureisancientandcrumbling.Fromtimetotime,burstwaterpipesfloodstations,paralyzingtraffic.Thecity'shomelessliveontheplatforms,sleepingon