牛津深圳版八年级上英语知识点归纳

八年级上英语_知识点归纳_牛津深圳版Chapter1：Water1.alittle,much,no,toomuch,toolittle,notenough+不可数名词2.afew,many,no,toomany,toofew,notenough,manya+可数名词3.Alotof,lotsof,some,no,notenough,agreatdealof+可数名词或不可数名词4.Alittle=notmuchafew=notmany5.经常在否定句中用much,e.g.Thereisnotmuchwater.6.与Therebe句型搭配：Therearealotofpeopleintheswimmingpool.7.用在特殊疑问句中：Howmuchfoodisthere?Howmanyorangesarethere?8.need的用法，两种词性：A.情态动词：needdosth./needn'tdosth.B.实意动词：needtodosth./don'tneedtodosth./needsbtodosth.C.Weneedwaterfordrinking(表示目的）9.Itbe+（verymuch,quite，rather，alittle,)形容词+forsb+tososth.对某人而言做某事比较···,e.g.It'sveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.10.由If引导的状语从句：主句用将来时态，If从句用一般时态A.现在时态—Wewillbethirstytodeathifthereisnowater.B.过去时态—Wewouldhavearrivedathomeiftherewasnotrafficjam.C.将来时态—TheywillgotoAmericaniftheygettheirpassportandVisa.11.英语中分数词的表达法：A.用“基数词＋序数词”表示:其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母,分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，1／2不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。e.g.onetenth,atenth,twofifths,ahalf,threeeighths,aquarter,threequarters,onefourth,threefourths,B.分数修饰名词时，若该名词是不可数名词只能用单数；若是可数名词，用单数或复数均可。但是，若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。例如：Onlyone-fifthofairconsistsofoxygen．氧气只占空气的1／5。Abouttwothirdsofthestudentsattendthemeeting．大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。C.用“基数词＋介词＋基数词”表示：借助介词表示分数，介词前的数词是分子，介词后的数词是分母，一般介词用outof,of,in,to.例如：．Ninety-ninepeopleoutofahundred，iftheywereaskedwhofirstfoundAmerica,wouldanswerClumbus．如果要问是谁首先发现美洲，一百个人中有九十九个（百分之九十九）将回答是哥伦布。12.Until一词的用法：A.当谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定形式：Youcanwaithereuntilhelpcomes.(直到..才）B.当谓语动词时非延续性动词时，用否定形式：Shedidn'tgotobeduntilherdaughtercameback.（直到她女儿回来了她才睡觉）C.是否用not要取决于动词时延续性还是非延续性的，即使动词用否定形式，在翻译成汉语的时候都要说成“直到...才...”。D.itwasnotuntil....that....,强调句型。Itwasnotuntilherdaughtercamebackthatshewenttobed.E.Notuntil放在句首，句子要倒装：Notuntilherdaughtercamebackdidshegotobed.13.常用短语：Believeitornot,flushthetoilet,atleast,pourintothesink,wastewater,cleanup,inthefirstplace.Chapter2Schoolnewspaper1.suggest用法：建议，暗示，同义词advise,A.Suggest+doingsth.:Shesuggestsgoingshoppingatweekend.B.Suggest+that(should)dosth.Hesuggestedthatschoolshouldholdasportsevent.2.Takechargeof=beinchargeof,由...负责；beinthechargeof...某物在某人的掌控之下Shetakeschargeofallbooksinthelibrary.Sheisinchargeofallbooksinthelibrary.Allbooksinthelibraryisinthechargeofher.3.ask的用法：asksb(not)todosth./askforhelp,sth.../askababoutsth.HeaskedmetofetchwaterHeasksmeaboutthewhetherinEngland.Heasksforhelp.4.howoften,多久...';Howoftendoyoutakeexercise?5.agree的用法：A.agreewithsb.同义某人的观点，意见，想法，分析：Inmyopinion,weshouldnotplaycomputergamesfrequently.—Yes，Itotallyagreewithyou.B.Agreetosth.表示一方提出意见，观点，计划，另一方写作，Weagreetotheirarrangement.C.Agreeon/uponsth:指双方通过协商而取得一致意见,Weagreeontheprice.D.Agreetodosth.=agreeondoingsth.同意某人做某事Theyagreetoconcludethemeetingsoon.(不能用agreesbtodosth.)6.Inoneweek'stime=oneweeklater表示在一星期之后，一般用于将来时。7.finish用法：finishdoingsth./finishsth完成某事8.takepartin&joinin&join的用法：A.Takepartin，常指参加某活动，聚会等：ShetookpartinHelen’sbirthdaypartyyesterday.B.Joinin,常指参加某活动，聚会等:Wouldyouliketojoininthedancingwithus?C.Join常指参加某团体，组织，军队等：PupilsareproudofjoiningYoungPioneer.9.Should&oughtto：两者都“应该”，用法基本相同,区别在于：(1)oughtto比should语气强,should表示主观看法，一些建议，劝说时，译作“应当”。oughtto，直接接动词原形，更多反映客观情况，“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”（2）oughtto的否定就表示做某事一定是错误的而should的否定就表示某动作不一定要做。A.I/You/He/She/We/Theyshould+dosth=I/You/He/She/We/TheyoughttodosthB.I/You/He/She/We/Theyshouldnot+dosth=I/You/He/She/We/TheyoughtnottodosthC.I/You/He/She/We/Theyshouldn'tdosth=I/You/He/She/We/Theyoughtn'ttodosthe.gSheoughttotakecareofhersister.=Sheshouldtakecareofhersister.Yououghtn’ttobelateforschool.Youshouldn’tbelateforschool.10.感叹句形式：A.Whata/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语B.How+形容词、副词+主语+谓语e.g.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=Howbeautifulgirlsheis!Whatanexcitingnewitis!=Howexcitingthenewis!Howquicklyheran!11.Hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof,billionsof...成百上千，成千上万，成万上亿...12.常用短语：holdameeting,electthechiefeditor,votefor(为..投票），takechargeof=beinchargeof,askfor,takenotes（of),beresponsiblefor,takeover,befreetoreaders,payforsth.,agreetodosth.Concludethemeeting，bringthemeetingtotheend,giveoutnewspaper（出版），commonsense,putamarkon,writedown,attheNewYear'sParty,inall(总共），marcharoundthestreet,takepartin,attheend(of),intheend,takeplace,beonfire（着火），bebornin（出身于），sciencefictionfilm,adventurefilm,whatashame,congratulations!Welldone,youdeservetowin.Longtimenosee.I'msorrybut...,findout.Chapter3DetectivesandCrimes1.The+adj.：表示一类人，theold老人，theyoung年轻人，theguilty有罪之人，当这类词做主语时，谓语动词要用三人称单数形式：e.g.Theoldalwaysneedstobetakencareof.2.protect用法：protectsbfromdoingsth,保护某人....不受影响,相当于preventfrom.阻止某人受...影响。Thegovernmenttriedbesttoprotectlocalvillagersfrombeingthreatenedbytheflood.Thegovernmenttriedbesttopreventlocalvillagersfrombeingthreatenedbytheflood.3.deny用法：denydoingsth.E.g.HedeniedstealingLi'sbag.4.admit用法：admitdoingsth.承认做某事。Sheadmittedtakingawayherroommate'scamera.5.非谓语动词（infinitives）：todo&doing两种形式A.refuse,offer,decide,fail,pretend,agree,promise+todosth.(只能加不定式)B.区别remembertodosth./doingsth.,Stoptodosth./stopdoingsth.,forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.,liketodo/likedoing,trytodosth/trydoingsth,goontodosth/goondoingsth,meantodosth./mean