论科学采矿钱鸣高

　251200803JournalofMining&SafetyEngineeringVol.25No.1March2008　:2007-09-17:(973)(2007CB209400);(50774078):(1932-),,,,,,.E-mail:[e-mail]　　Tel:[phone]　:1673-3363(2008)01-0001-10钱鸣高1,缪协兴2,许家林1,曹胜根1(1.,　221116;2.,　221116):针对我国煤炭产业现状与产业特点,提出了科学采矿的理念,全面阐述了科学采矿的内涵以及实现科学采矿对煤炭成本与价格及国民经济的影响.科学采矿是指实现既能最大限度地高效采出煤炭资源而又保证安全和保护环境的开采技术,科学采矿主要包括机械化高效开采、绿色开采、安全开采及提高资源回采率等方面.为了使煤炭开采业健康发展必须实现科学采矿.要实现科学采矿,必然要求实行煤炭完全成本化,即煤炭成本应包括生产成本、安全成本、环境成本、资源成本、发展成本等方面.煤炭完全成本化将对煤炭价格与市场及国民经济产生重大影响.:煤炭产业;科学采矿;高效开采;绿色开采;安全开采;高回采率;完全成本:TD82　　:AOnScientizedMiningQIANMing-gao1,MIAOXie-xing2,XUJia-lin1,CAOSheng-gen1(1.SchoolofMiningEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu221116,China;2.SchoolofScience,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu221116,China)Abstract:AimingattheactualityandcharacterofcoalindustryinChina,weproposetheideaofScientizedMining(ScM)androundlyexpoundtheconnotationofscientizedminingandtheeffectofrealizingScMoncostandpriceofcoalandonnationaleconomy.Thescientizedminingtechnologyincludesefficientmechanizedmining,greenmining,safetymining,andminingwithhighexploitationratewhilethescientizedminingreferstotheonewhichcanrealizethecoalminingwiththehighestefficiencyonthepreconditionofsafetyandenvironmentfriendly.Forthepurposeofdevelopingcoalindustryhealthily,theScMmustberealized.InrealizingtheScM,completecostofcoalisnecessarilyrequired,namely,productioncost,safetycost,envi-ronmentcost,resourcecost,developingcost,andsoon.Thecompletecostofcoalwillhaveadecisiveeffectonthepriceandmarketofcoal,andonnationaleconomyaswell.Keywords:coalindustry;scientizedmining;highefficientmining;greenmining;safetymin-ing;highexploitationrate;completecost1　,2005:69.6%,23.8%,6.6%.20021145t.114.9t,9,41.2.56m3,17,5%.,、.1.8t.20203t(60%)....25　,,200623.25t,1/3(35.5%).201025t,202030t,205050%..,.,,,???—..2　、,1.1　Fig.1　Thecharacterofgeneralindustry　　(2):2　Fig.2　Thecharacterofcoalindustry　　1)　,,.(、、),.,,.2)　、、..,,,.,().3)　,,、、,,.,、、(),,,,.,,.,,36%,23%;27%,34%.,:,、.,—.,“”.“”“”—.,,,、(55/t,10%～15%,),,150～250/t,.,,、..3　1/3.2　1:,.,...1);2);3);4);5).,,.,、.3.1　,,.,2%～3%,12%～16%,30%.[1]:,,3.3　Fig.3　Therelationshipbetweenmechanizedgradeanddeathrateinstate-runcoalmines　　45%,82.72%,,200.,..3.1.1　,.1)20051t,7500,119t/,41.73t/2.5,3.739t/31.189t/.,.2).800t,,600t,300t/,18～20t/.4326,35.3t.,20031700t,13.484t/.3).,DBT,1.5m3712t,6480t,120～150t/a..1.1m,3504t,.,.4).3.1.2　,、,.,.、.,,,(;).,..3.2　3.2.1　、、1):①　.,.、、..②　325　.2):,,,,,.3):,,,4.4　、Fig.4　Therelationshipamongminingsafety,environmentandstratamovement　　4):.::(/)※.,,,、.,.3.2.2　(),[2-3]:1);2),-;3)(,);(,);4)—;5).5.5　Fig.5　Thesystemofgreenminingtechnology3.2.3　()()、.,.1)　,:.　1m335.6MJ,1.2kg,3～3.5kW·h.,300～2000m31.46m3,.、　(80%～90%),5%～12%.(0.005～0.1m2/MPa2·d).20m3/t,1000kg24kg,30～50,.2)　.,,,?.,,CO2,10.CO24　1:?　,,,,,..4:;;.,.,,..3)①“,”:,.,260,2000m3,.m3,2～3m3/d.40m3,120(3/m3).②“”:,,0.987,.“”.,.15m3,9(0.6/m3,1/5),.(0.5%～1%),.():1998,10.7m3,:3.72m3(36.5%),4.67m3(45.8%),1.8m3(17.6%),3.3.2.4　:、.,.70%,“”,.,.:1),;2)(),;3)(),.,,.:1).2),.,、,.3),.3.2.5　,.,.、().,,.:..-.():“()--”.:,,(),,.,,525　...3.2.6　:,..,,,、.:;,,,SO2,;、,.,,.2004,,.:,,..,“”,.,.3.3　[4-7],70%,15%,15%.70%,:70%,10%,.20052157,1995,593,559.20064746,2.04,200527.4%.6.6　Fig.6　ComparisonofdifferenttypesofaccidentinChinesecoalmine　　,、.,,,.,,,,,,,,.2t,1/2.20034800t,600,,6.2005,1976.3t,0.04.,52.689.,,,.,,,,.:1);2);3);4).:　6　1:,.　,,,;,.,(30～50m)、、,..:、、,(),、.3.4　,,.30%,10%.、20%.,,.,:1),、、,.,,...2).(75%),50%.,.3).4　4.1　,、.,“、、”,.200010t200520t(38%),510t,(、),、1/2.“”,、,.,“”,、.5～10a,,、、..4.2　、、.,,(、、、“”).、.“”.,,.:1)、、().2).3)().,.、.:　52/t,.　,、、,200352.88,74.18/t.GDP18.83%.725　1,,176～353/t.12%,0.06.,、.30%.1　Table1　Constitutionofcoalproducingcostinacertainminefield/t　46.7284.1872.5013.2814.2015.003386.9310.0038.38276.94　67.1057.0310.508.549.958.535.2012.0483.74280.62　25.9130.084.216.364.618.502.2812.0058.01151.95　　,A,B,C3,200～400/t,2.2　Table2　ClassificationofcoalminesbyproducingcostA　　○○○B　B1B2○○○○○○C　　○○○　　,,,(22,40,17.)().110,20,60.25.“”,2300t,82018.7.7　Fig.7　Comparisonbetweencompletecostandincompletecosttocoalpriceandeconomyimpact　　,,300～400/t.、、、,70～80/t,.450/t,350/t,.,,..:,.,,,,.,.,,,.,.:1);2),,、.,,,,,()..,.4.3　“”,8　1:,,():、,,,“”,.4.3.1　,3000,,80%.GDP19701138,2001660,3121.“2007”.:,1/3..3t19908930t,,,,,.4.3.2　,().;、,.,90%,6.1t/.,2.66t,13,3.3　Table3　TheoutputandemployeesofdifferenttypeofcoalminesinShanxiprovince//t/(t·a-1·-1)51.12.6652018.80.8645727.71.90686　　,,1～2,20,、、、.70,30,,46..(,),,:1),;2),;3),,,;4).4.4　,“”,.;.,..、;,..,,...5　　1),.、、、,.2),,,.,..:;;,.3),(、、),..,925　(),、,、,,.4).,,.,,,、、.,、,..,.:[1]　,.[J].,2006,23(2):127-132.QIANMing-gao,XUJia-lin.Discussionofseveralissuesconcerningthedevelopmentofcoalindustryinchina[J].JournalofMining&SafetyEngineering,2006,23(2):127-132.[2]　,,,.[J].,2003,32(4):343-348.QIANMing-gao,XUJia-lin,MIAOXie-xing,etal.Greentechniqueincoalmining[J].JournalofChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-348.[3]　,,.()[J].,2007,32(1):1-7.QIANMing-gao,MIAOXie-xing,XUJia-ling.Greenminingofcoalresourcesharmonizingwithen-vironment[J].J