高级英语写作5

media•Positive•Presenttruths•Appealtotheaudience•Spread/disseminateideas•Enlightenpeople’sidea•Enhanceone’spublicimage•Expandone’svision•Reinforcesfamilybonds•Enlargethemarketforproducts•Providechildrenwithrolemodels•Informtheaudience•Uncoverthetruth•Negative•Distortfacts•Offendtheaudience•Controlthoughts•Corruptchildren’sminds•Ruin/tarnishone’sreputation•Limit/restrictone’svision•Getestrangedfromone’sfamilymember•Makeyoungstersmoreaggressive•Misleadtheaudience•ConcealthetruthPractice:Pleasedevelopthefollowingtopicsentence.•Itiscommonknowledgethatdrugabuseleadstoharmfulconsequences.•Itiscommonknowledgethatdrugabuseleadstoharmfulconsequences.Whythendopeople-particularlyyoungsters-continuetousedrugs?Psychologistsclaimthattherearethreebasicmotivationsthatinfluencepeopletotakedrugs:curiosity,stressandenvironmentalfactors.••Itiscommonknowledgethatdrugabuseleadstoharmfulconsequences.Whythendopeople-particularlyyoungsters-continuetousedrugs?Psychologistsclaimsthattherearethreebasicmotivationsthatinfluencepeopletotakedrugs:curiosity,stressandenvironmentalfactors.Sometimes,youngsterstakedrugssimplybecausetheyarecurious.Insomecases,youngstersaredepressedorfrustratedbecauseofproblemsrelatedtoparents,schoolortheoppositesex.Inothercases,theenvironmentisconductivetotakingdrugs.••Itiscommonknowledgethatdrugabuseleadstoharmfulconsequences.Whythendopeople-particularlyyoungsters-continuetousedrugs?Psychologistsclaimsthattherearethreebasicmotivationsthatinfluencepeopletotakedrugs:curiosity,stressandenvironmentalfactors.Sometimes,youngsterstakedrugssimplybecausetheyarecurious.Takingdrugsseemstobethe“in-thing”fortheirgeneration.•Insomecases,youngstersaredepressedorfrustratedbecauseofproblemsrelatedtoparents,schoolortheoppositesex.Theytakedrugstoescapefromthestressbroughtonbyalltheseproblems.Inothercases,theenvironmentisconductivetotakingdrugs.Forinstance,otheryoungsterstakedrugs,hemaysoonbetemptedtofollowsuit,forfearofostracismornon-acceptance.•FundamentalskillsofEnglishWriting•Howtodesignanopeningparagraph•好的文章开头,要像渔夫用渔饵诱鱼上钩,得把读者的兴趣提得高高的,使之饶有兴趣地跟着你读下去.•Forexample:•Canyouthinkofasentenceinwhichtheword“and”appearsfivetimeswithoutanywordsinbetween?Thereisoneattheendofthisstory.•Therewasonceaninnwhichwascalled“TheHorseAndCart”.Ithadasignoutsidethedoorwithapictureofahorseandcartonit,butthesignwasgettingveryold,sotheowneroftheinndecidedtohaveanewonemade.Hewenttoapainterandaskedhimtopaintone,andtowrite“TheHorseAndCart”onitinlargeletters.••Afewdayslater,hewenttoseehowthepainterwasgettingon.Helikedthepictureofthehorseandcartverymuch,buthedidnotlikethewritingatall.Hesaidtothepainter,”No,no!ThereistoomuchspacebetweenHORSEandANDandANDandCART!”••开头段的几种形式：•１.经历－以与主题相关的,简短的小故事开始，引起读者的兴趣,这样处理能建立起信任感.•Mypursestrapsuddenlyleftmyhand,Iturned,andsawtheman’sbackjustbeforehevanishedbehindasix-foot-highpileofearthacrossthestreet.Ichasedhim,screaming,“Stopthief!”•Whatisintelligence,anyway?WhenIwasintheschoolIreceivedakindofaptitudetestthatallstudentstookand,againstanormalof100,scored160.Noonetherehadeverseenafigurelikethatandfortwohourstheymadeabigfussoverme.Butitdidn’tmeananything.•ItisreportedthataboyinZhuHaiwasbeatentodeathbyhisfatheronFather'Day.Ampleevidencealsoshowsthatchildrenwhoarefrequentlyabusedbytheirparentsorteacherstendtobeintroverted,pessimistic,indifferentandevenworld-weary.Recently,therehasarisenafierceargumentonwhethercorporalpunishmentshouldbeabolished.Teachers,parentsandexpertstakediverseattitudestowardsthisissue.•2.比喻---生动，引人入胜•“Fathersandsonsarejustlikegasolineandmatches.Whoknowsatwhattimetheywillexplode.”Nowadayswecanoftenhearthecommentsofthiskind…•Habitmaybelikenedtoacable;everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecannotbreakit.•Arealfriendislikeamirrorthatcanhelpyouseeanydirtonyourface.•3.引用---名人名言，箴言谚语，来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点•Knowledgeispower.suchistheremarkmadebyBacon.Thisremarkhasbeensharedbymoreandmorepeople.•Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Thisproverbadvisesthatitreallyisawasteoftimetoweepovermistakesthathavealreadymade.Instead,itismuchbettertoMakethebestofabadjob---todoyourbestwhateverthesituation.•Weneverknowtheworthofwatertillthewellisdry,whichremindsusthatweshouldnotoveruseourpreciousnaturalresources.•4.数字统计•原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的或令读者感到惊异的数字来说明。这样能给人在这方面有权威的印象,令人信服.OfeveryfourschoolpupilsinShanghai,oneisshortsighted.Theratehasbeenrisingsurprisinglysharpto55%inmiddleschools,andinhighschoolsitisevenashighas70%.Considerwhateffectthishighrateofeyeproblemwillhaveuponthefutureofoursociety!•ArecentstudyconductedbyZhongshanUniversityhasfoundthatthenumberofsmokershasbeenincreasingsharplyoverthepastfiveyears.Researchfindingsalsorevealthattheincidenceofsmoking-relatedconditionshassoared.Asaresult,thebanonsmokinghasbeeninthespotlight.•••5.观点法•文章开门见山，直截了当提出作者对文章要讨论的问题的观点，也即文章的中心思想。•NowhereintheworldhastheissueofbirthcontrolbeenmoreevidentthaninChina.Thenationisfacedwithsuchserioussituationastheoneinwhichitspopulationisincreasingmuchfasterthanthesupplyoffoodandavailableresources.••Perhapsnoissueinthisworldisasbasictoindividualandnationalsurvivalasfood.ButC