工业化手段在预铸生产流程上之应用

ERP(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)(In-HouseEnvironment)(ProcessSimulation)(Optimization)(InformationTransactionTechnology)(RFID,RadioFrequencyIdentificationSystem)AbstractWithintherecentyears,manufacturingindustrieshavebeenapplyingvariousmethodsandtechnologytoeffectivelyenhancethecorporateproductivity,aswellasimprovingtheiroverallcompetitiveness.MechanismssuchastheintroductionofERPandsupplychainmanagementhaveachievedapparentresultsindifferentbusinesses.However,owingtotheparticularenvironmentalnature,constructionindustryhasobtainedlimitedimprovementbyapplyingthesamemethodsandtechnology.Theproductionmethodsofprefabricationandsteelstructurearetheconstructionmethodswhichareclosesttotheproductionmethodsofmanufacturing.Astheirmaincomponentsareproducedinthefactories,everyuncertaintyduringtheproductionperiodcanbeeffectivelylowered,ensuringthequalityofthecomponents.ThispapertakesRunhornprefabricationfactoryasapracticalcasestudytoapplyrelatedmethodsandtechnologygenerallyadoptedbyindustrialmanagement,suchasprocesssimulation,optimizationtechnology,informationtransactiontechnologyandRFID(RadioFrequencyIdentification).Researcherthenanalyzesintotheoverall-1-productionenvironmentoftheprefabricationfactory.Bymeansofimprovingitsproductionprocessandplanningmethods,aswellasthevisibilityofinformation,itishopedthattheproductioncostcanbeloweredandthecommunicationbetweendifferentdepartmentscanbestrengthened.Theultimategoalistoenhancetheoperationandmanagementcapabilitiesoftheprefabricationfactory.1.1(BPR,BusinessProcessReengineering)(ERP,EnterpriseResourcePlanning)(SCM,SupplyChainManagement)(CRM,CustomerRelationshipManagement)1HayesWheelwright1979-(ProductVariety)(ProductFlexibility)(Hayes&Wheelwright,1979)(ArchitectureFirm)(OilRefinery)(HighCustomization)(JobShop)(HighAutomation)(ContinuousFlow)(HighProductVariety)(LowStandardization)(LowVolume)(Oneofakind)(HighProcessFlexibility)(JumbledFlow)(ProcessSegments)(LooselyLinked)(Pre-Fabrication)(Pre-Assembly)(Modularization)(Tatum,CIIReport,1987)-2-JobShop(commercialprinter,architecturefirm)Batch(heavyequipment,autorepair)LineFlows(autoassembly,carlubricationshop)ContinuousFlow(oilrefinery)ProcessFlexibilityProductVarietyHighproductvarietyLowproductvarietyLowHighJumbledflowProcesssegmentslooselylinkedDisconnectedlineFlow/jumbledflowbutadominantflowexistsConnectedlineflow(assemblyline)Continuous,automated,rigidlineflowProcesssegmentstightlylinkedHighstandardizationCommodityproductsHighvolumeFewmajorproductsManyproductsLowstandardizationOneofakindLowvolumeOpportunityCostsOut-ofpocketcosts1-(AdoptedfromHayes&Wheelwright,1979)1.222-3-(LeanConstruction)(1)(2)(3)2.12.1.1(Discrete-EventSimulation)ARENA®2.1.23-4-Bucket()BucketBucketBucketbucket32.1.34ARENA()()-5-4ARENA2.1.4ARENA-6-2.22.2.1512345n12345m12345m12345m52.2.26-7-3212162.2.3-2.2.4ILOG7-8-72.32.3.18-9-82.3.29109-10-10()-11--12-ARENA1.ChanW.T.andHuHao.(2002)“ConstraintProgrammingApproachtoPrecastProductionScheduling”.JournalofConstructionEngineeringandManagement,Nov/Dec,2002,pp.513.2.Hayes,R.H.,andS.C.Wheelwright.(1979).“LinkManufacturingProcessProductLifeCycles.HarvardBusinessReview,pp133-140.3.TarekM.Zayed,andDanielHalpin(2001)“SimulationofConcreteBatchPlantProduction”,JournalofConstructionEngineeringandManagement,Mar/Apr,2001,pp.132.4.TatumC.B.,VanegasJ.A.andWilliamsJ.M.(1987)“ConstructabilityImprovementUsingPrefabrication,Preassembly,andModularization”CIIReport,SD-25,ConstructionIndustryInstitute.