2016环境污染与防治专业基础与实务中级大纲完美解析

112,,,212pHCODBOD5TOC(0.45m105)pHCODBOD5()TOCBq/L1(a)2080%21abcdpH692030BODNP=10051CO2H2ONH3500010000mg/L11,299.9%0.03%~0.06%BOD75~300mg/LBOD30BOD901178.09%20.950.93%4%0.02~0.04%1212,100,0.638km35km630km23,,,,4S02S0203SO2pH5pH5.6CFCs211~200md10m(0.1~10m)TSP,d100mSO2CONO231.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.5.236(/)VSVSScmcmVd26(/)mppSVSScmgVd23(1)6(1)(1)(/)bVSVSSScmcmVd2020(/min)20Lvmm1/10a)200b)100c)10410101.2.3.4.5.6.()dVcmjcm1175%856080023d0=d=0021()()22SO2+2H2O+O22H2SO42NO+O22NO24NO2+2H2O+O24HNO3NH3+HNO4NH4NO33CFCl3+hCFCl2+ClNO+O3NO2+O2CFCl2+hCFCl+ClNO2+ONO+O2Cl+O3ClO+O2ClO+OCl+O2O+O32O23(1)(2)1.1yz23.yx0.510km1,.:.()3/102050,4060,60801234,41030705070,18854015057090,150250,912163,502008595:,,,2550515225075909580100502000.59598,,,8095100150,30,959912099.55080:(3.57/2),,0.5903,901550,,,0.110080953008007099.9,0.199100200,,,;100-150mm2-4.5mm30-40m/min45-50m/min15min30-40min1700-2000Pa95%3-201-450-70m/min,,150,1020,0.11006010080951906F.G.,,2203803610509099.90.055070,0.899,1700.190%1,10.850.12(10000ppm)11231998714741153(15-40)%kgm3Vs()Vs600A()CHONS21231.2.3.4123123123170%20%7%3%23.4pH30170~2001.0~1.5MPa40~120min80%~87%175150BOD540%~50%/124CR=V1/V2CRV1V2CR0.1~0.5MPa10MPa180%~95%3360KJ/Kga.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.a.b.c.d.e.23199.99%2HClHCl1.8Kg/hHCl99.0%3183mg/m350%50%50%41.2.3.5TE1~2TETemperatureTimeTurbulenceExcessAir6(Dioxin)2.3.7.8-P-TCDDa.b.c.TE*250~40012a.b.c.CO2H2Od.310001500600~700600123456CH4CO2155~65802350~650Kg/m340%~60%20~301320%80%50%60%14%17%10%CNCN=26351NN35553555pHpH56pH8.59.0pH=78pH12pH1.C/N2.10~121~2m20~303.NPK4.0.8~1.2m98%5.64CN=2635156a.b.CO2H2c.CH4CO2H2CO2CH4313R3Creducereuserecyclecleancyclecontrol2reductionrecyclingtreatmentdisposal3GB168892008GB184852001GB18484-2001GB18598-2001GB18597-2001GB18599-2001(GB5085-1996)DB11/502200811(2)1234(3)21pH5200~500d55pH6.8~823,:;;;;,BODCODNH3-N(LFG)LFG,CH4CO2H2SNH3N2H2,CH4CO2H2SNH3CH4CO285%-99%;H2SNH3,012%-114%;,,100,(VOCs);();,80-90dB(A),:ab,c,d,12::::3Ts1fHZc4LeqLdn5W1W2W=W1+W2I1I2I=I+I2L=10lg(=ni1100.1)LiLP1=LP2LP=LP1+10lg2LP1+3(dB)3dBL10l(100.11=L-100.1L2)67111234567891011()()2a)5minb)c)Wa)W=Q0/(4n)nn=6,Q0m3/hb)W=(Q1-Q2)/(4n),Q1Q2m3/h:Hh1+h2+h3+h4g9.81m/s2h1=*v12/(2g)+h1h2=*v22/(2g)+h2h3h4m0.5~1.0mh1h22140mm15-25mm4-10mmV1=Qmax/(Bh1),V2=Qmax/[(n+1)*h2],n20.2mm2.6515-30m3/106m360%1500kg/m3uovHLt=L/v=H/uo;Q/A=uo=qV=Qt=BHL=BL,qm3/m2.hm/h3--()41120.5-1.2mm70cm0.5mm80um305m(805m);1.(1)(2)2--205m(3)(4)(15m)(5)()2.3.:;;(1)()(2)0.5mm1m3400m`(3)3(gritchamber)(aeratedgritchamber)1.(horizontal-flow)0.150.2m0.2m1.52.0m0.010.022.(radial-flow)2030m660m100m2.55.0m1.53.0m(upward-flow)8m47m0.3m7m11.5h4060802A.B.1(Aerated):abcd2(centerfeed)(peripheralfeed).3lamellaplaten1/nn80100mm5080mm11.2m600.51.0m0.5m(oilseparator)a100m6080bc515mg/L1.01.04:1.2.KBrCsClFicollPercoll3.CsCl21pHH++OH-=H2OPHpHpHpHpH6.5~8.5pHpH6~9*231160(223PACPASpH5.58pH511HPAMPAMPEO101a)b)c)2345=-C/(RT)*d/dc,d/dcd/dc1.2.126pH2.12.2H2O2O3?HO?HO23.1:Mn++ne-MNersnt3.2e,HO,H2O,O2HO?Fe2+FentonHOFe3+Fe(OH)33.3HO?:R-Cl+H-+2eR-H+CI-;:SO2+4Cr2++4H-S+4Cr3++2H2O,Cr2+3.4()Fe2+,Fe3+A13+Fe(OH)2,Fe(OH)3,Al(0H)3:();Fe+2e-Fe2+Fe+3e-Fe3+;():2H2O+2e-H2+20H-:Fe+2H2OFe(OH)2+H2,Fe+10H2OO24Fe(OH)3+4H2Fe(II)Fe(III)Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)3()Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)3;H:3.53.6(31::120.31.2mmd100.360.61d40/d901.221.6640903()mg/L.450%5.6.7.8.1.2.H+OH-,pHpH3.(3~6mmol/g1~2mmol/ml)EVmmol/mlEWmmol/gEVEW1-4.7%~10%2EDR0UFMF----CAPATFC5002~10MPa,0.1~2.5m3/(m2.d)5000.1~0.5Mpa0.5~5.05m3/(m2.d)1~500L/(m2.d),12~18341,,1Monod-ds/dt=vmax*X*S/(Ks+S),vmaxSKsX2Lawrence-McCarty1/c=Y*q-Kd;(dS/dt)u=vmax*X*S/(Ks+S)Ykg/kgqq=ds/dtu/X,KdXMLSS1.30min70%21/3+2/32/380%+20%3F/M1.2.3.30~60min,,,3~6*BOD4.F/M5.-ABAABBA2kg(BOD5)/kg(MLSS).d,HRT=20~30minB0.15~0.3kgBOD5/kg(MLSS).d,HRT=2~3hAB90%6.SBR:7.CarrouselOrbal--(1).(2),.1.NH3-NNxO--NNH3-NNH3-NN2NxO1.1.NH3-NRCHNH2COOHRCH2COOH+NH1CH3CHNH2COOHCH3CHOHCOOH+NH3CH2OHCHNH2COOHCH3COCOOH+NH31.2.NH3-NNxO--NNH3-NN2O--NCO2-3HCO-CO2NH31gNH3-N4.2gO2H+5.57g(NaCO3)1.3.DO0.3-0.5mg/LNOx-N[3--4]NO-3NO-2NON2ON2NO-3+5[H]()1/2N2+2H2O+OH-NO-2+3[H]()1/2N2+2H2O+OH-[H]NOx-NH+O2NOx-NNOx-NNOx-NNH3-NNOx-NNOx-NNH3-NNH3-N2.2.1AcinetobacterAeromonasCorynebacteriumMicrothrix.spBacterialstressH+e-PHB1SBRSBR5AOCODSBRSBRSBR2CASTCASTSBRSBRBODCAST3MSBRModifiedSequencingBatchReactorMSBRSBRSBR1.5QCAST4OA/24.1OA/2OA/2AAOCODVFAPHB2~4COD,,,,,,4.2A/OUCT/10%/90%VFAVFAPHB5UCTUCTUniversityofCapeTown122111216TN50%COD95%BOD98%NH3-N99%90%22015~3012BOD0.15~0.3kg/m3.d61~3m3/(m2.d)10BOD5BOD5200mg/l3BOD51~5kg/(m3.d),BOD5500mg/l8~24m,1~3.5m,16~1:843351~4mm35%6783CH4CO2H2CO2CH3COOH2/3CO2H21/3UASBEGSBmVpH505.5~6.5-3006.8~7.2CO2CH4512--112%~4%55%~70%0.5%~0.8%,70%~85%2600S=1/(W1/S1+W2/S2+,,+Wn/Sn),SWiiSii80%V=V0*(100-P0)/(100-P);2170%20%10%2395%~97%96%60%~80%41BODCO2NH3H2C5H7NO2+5O25CO2+NH3+2H2O;VSSF/M1515~2040%~50%30~4033~3550~5521,,,,,,CCASSBRA/OA2/O21(GB3095-2012)2(GB3838-2002)3(GB15618-1995)4(GB3096-2008)11(GB8978-1996)2DB11/307201321GB16297-19962(DB11/1392007)3DB11/501200731(GB12348-2008)2(GB12523-2011)41GB1688920082GB1848520013GB18484-20014GB18598-20015GB18597-20016GB18599-20017(GB5085-20