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习题241求由下列方程所确定的隐函数y的导数dxdy(1)y22xy90(2)x3y33axy0(3)xyexy(4)y1xey解(1)方程两边求导数得2yy2y2xy0于是(yx)yyxyyy(2)方程两边求导数得3x23y2y2ay3axy0于是(y2ax)yayx2axyxayy22(3)方程两边求导数得yxyexy(1y)于是(xexy)yexyyyxyxexyey(4)方程两边求导数得yeyxeyy于是(1xey)yeyyyxeey12求曲线323232ayx在点)42,42(aa处的切线方程和法线方程解方程两边求导数得032323131yyx于是3131yxy在点)42,42(aa处y1所求切线方程为)42(42axay即ayx22所求法线方程为)42(42axay即xy03求由下列方程所确定的隐函数y的二阶导数22dxyd(1)x2y21(2)b2x2a2y2a2b2(3)ytan(xy)(4)y1xey解(1)方程两边求导数得2x2yy0yyx3322221)(yyxyyyxxyyyxyyxy(2)方程两边求导数得2b2x2a2yy0yxaby2222222222)(yyxabxyabyyxyaby32432222222yabyaxbyaab(3)方程两边求导数得ysec2(xy)(1y)1)(cos1)(sec1)(sec222yxyxyxy222211)(sin)(cos)(sinyyxyxyx52233)1(2)11(22yyyyyyy(4)方程两边求导数得yeyxeyyyeyexeeyyyyy2)1(113222)2()3()2()3()2()()2(yyeyyyeyyeyyeyyyyy4用对数求导法求下列函数的导数(1)xxxy)1((2)55225xxy(3)54)1()3(2xxxy(4)xexxy1sin解(1)两边取对数得lnyxln|x|xln|1x|,两边求导得xxxxxxyy11)1ln(1ln1于是]111[ln)1(xxxxxyx(2)两边取对数得)2ln(251|5|ln51ln2xxy两边求导得22251515112xxxyy于是]225151[25512552xxxxxy(3)两边取对数得)1ln(5)3ln(4)2ln(21lnxxxy两边求导得1534)2(211xxxyy于是]1534)2(21[)1()3(254xxxxxxy(4)两边取对数得)1ln(41sinln21ln21lnxexxy两边求导得)1(4cot21211xxeexxyy于是])1(4cot2121[1sinxxxeexxexxy]1cot22[1sin41xxxeexxexx5求下列参数方程所确定的函数的导数dxdy(1)22btyatx(2)cos)sin1(yx解(1)tabatbtxydxdytt23232(2)cossin1sincosxydxdy6已知.cos,sinteytextt求当3t时dxdy的值解tttttetetetexydxdyttttttcossinsincoscossinsincos当3t时23313123212321dxdy7写出下列曲线在所给参数值相应的点处的切线方程和法线方程(1)tytx2cossin在4t处(2)2221313tatytatx在t=2处解(1)ttxydxdyttcos2sin2当4t时222224cos)42sin(2dxdy220x00y所求切线方程为)22(22xy即0222yx所求法线方程为)22(221xy即0142yx(2)222222)1(6)1(23)1(6tatttattatyt222222)1(33)1(23)1(3tatattattaxt2212336ttataatxydxdytt当t2时3421222dxdyax560ay5120所求切线方程为)56(34512axay即4x3y12a0所求法线方程为)56(43512axay即3x4y6a08求下列参数方程所确定的函数的二阶导数22dxyd(1).122tytx(2)tbytaxsincos(3)tteyex23(4))()()(tfttfytfxtt设f(t)存在且不为零解(1)txydxdytt1322211)(tttxydxydttx(2)tabtatbxydxdyttcotsincostabtatabxydxydttx32222sinsincsc)((3)ttttteeexydxdy23232tttttxeeexydxyd3222943232)((4)ttftftfttfxydxdytt)()()()()(1)(22tfxydxydttx9求下列参数方程所确定的函数的三阶导数33dxyd(1)321ttytx(2)ttytxarctan)1ln(2解(1)tttttdxdy231)1()(223)31(412)231(3222tttttdxyd)1(832)31(4125333tttttdxyd(2)tttttttdxdy2112111])1[ln()arctan(222tttttdxyd4112)21(22223422338112)41(ttttttdxyd10落在平静水面上的石头产生同心波纹若最外一圈波半径的增大率总是6m/s问在2秒末扰动水面面积的增大率为多少?解设波的半径为r对应圆面积为S则Sr2两边同时对t求导得St2rr当t2时r6212rt6故St|t22126144(米2秒)11注水入深8m上顶直径8m的正圆锥形容器中其速率为4m2/min当水深为5m时其表面上升的速度为多少?解水深为h时水面半径为hr21水面面积为241hS水的体积为3212413131hhhhSVdtdhhdtdV2312dtdVhdtdh24已知h5(m),4dtdV(m3/min)因此2516425442dtdVhdtdh(m/min)12溶液自深18cm直径12cm的正圆锥形漏斗中漏入一直径为10cm的圆柱形筒中开始时漏斗中盛满了溶液已知当溶液在漏斗中深为12cm时其表面下降的速率为1cm/min问此时圆柱形筒中溶液表面上升的速率为多少?解设在t时刻漏斗在的水深为y圆柱形筒中水深为h于是有hyr22253118631由186yr得3yr代入上式得hyy2225)3(3118631即hy233253118631两边对t求导得hyyt222531当y12时yt1代入上式得64.025165)1(1231222th(cm/min).
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