FundamentalPrinciplesofOrganicElectrochemistry

2CONTENTSCoverTitlePageCopyrightAbouttheAuthorsPrefaceIntroductionReferencesChapter1:FundamentalPrinciplesofOrganicElectrochemistry:FundamentalAspectsofElectrochemistryDealingwithOrganicMolecules1.1FormationofElectricalDoubleLayer1.2ElectrodePotentials(RedoxPotentials)1.3ActivationEnergyandOverpotential1.4CurrentsControlledbyElectronTransferandMassTransportReferencesChapter2:MethodforStudyofOrganicElectrochemistry:ElectrochemicalMeasurementsofOrganicMolecules2.1WorkingElectrodes2.2ReferenceElectrodes2.3AuxiliaryElectrodes2.4SolventsandSupportingElectrolytes32.5CellsandPowerSources2.6Steady-StateandNon-Steady-StatesPolarizationCurves2.7PotentialsinElectrochemicalMeasurements2.8UtilizationofVoltammetryfortheStudyofOrganicElectrosynthesisReferencesChapter3:MethodsforOrganicElectrosynthesis3.1SelectionofElectrolyticCells3.2ConstantCurrentElectrolysisandConstantPotentialElectrolysis3.3DirectElectrolysisandIndirectElectrolysis3.4ElectrodeMaterialsandReferenceElectrodes3.5ElectrolyticSolventsandSupportingElectrolytes3.6Stirring3.7TrackingofReactantandProduct3.8Work-Up,IsolationandDeterminationofProducts3.9CurrentEfficiencyandEffectofthePowerUnitReferencesChapter4:OrganicElectrodeReactions44.1GeneralCharacteristicsofElectrodeReactions4.2MechanismofOrganicElectrodeReactions4.3CharacteristicsofOrganicElectrolyticReactions4.4MolecularOrbitalsandElectronsRelatedtoElectronTransfer4.5Electroauxiliaries4.6ReactionPatternofOrganicElectrodeReactions4.7ElectrochemicallyGeneratedReactiveSpeciesReferencesChapter5:OrganicElectrosynthesis5.1Electrocatalysis5.2ElectrogeneratedAcidsandBases5.3ElectrochemicalAsymmetricSynthesis5.4ModifiedElectrodes5.5PairedElectrosynthesis5.6ReactiveElectrodes5.7ElectrochemicalFluorination5.8ElectrochemicalPolymerizationReferencesChapter6:NewMethodologyofOrganicElectrochemicalSynthesis6.1SPEElectrolysisandItsApplications56.2ElectrolyticSystemsUsingSolidBasesandAcids6.3Solid-SupportedMediators6.4BiphasicElectrolyticSystems6.5CationPoolMethod6.6Template-DirectedMethods6.7ElectrolysisinSupercriticalFluids6.8ElectrolysisinIonicLiquids6.9Thin-LayerElectrolyticCells6.10ElectrochemicalMicroflowSystems6.11ElectrolysisUnderUltrasonication6.12ElectrosynthesisUsingSpecificElectrodeMaterials6.13PhotoelectrolysisandPhotocatalysis6.14ElectrochemicalPolymerReactionsReferencesChapter7:RelatedFieldsofOrganicElectrochemistry7.1ApplicationinOrganicElectronicDevices7.2ElectrochemicalConversionofBiomasstoValuableMaterials7.3ApplicationtoC1Chemistry7.4EnvironmentalCleanupReferencesChapter8:ExamplesofCommercializedOrganicElectrodeProcesses68.1AvenuetoIndustrialization8.2ExamplesReferencesAppendixA:ExamplesofOrganicElectrosynthesisA.1ElectrochemicalFluorinationA.2ElectrosynthesisUsingaHydrophobicElectrodeA.3NaturalProductSynthesisUsingAnodicOxidationA.4KolbeElectrolysisA.5IndirectElectrosynthesisUsingaMediatorA.6ElectrosynthesisofConductingPolymersReferencesAppendixB:TablesofPhysicalDataIndexEndUserLicenseAgreementListofTablesTableB.1TableB.2TableB.3TableB.4Table5.17Table5.2Table5.3Table5.4Table5.5Table6.1Table6.2Table6.3Table6.4Table6.5Table6.6ListofIllustrationsFigureA.1FigureA.2FigureA.3FigureB.1FigureB.2Figure1.1Figure1.2Figure1.3Figure1.4Figure1.5Figure1.68Figure1.7Figure2.1Figure2.2Figure2.3Figure2.4Figure2.5Figure2.6Figure2.7Figure2.8Figure2.9Figure2.10Figure2.11Figure3.1Figure3.2Figure3.3Figure3.4Figure3.5Figure3.6Figure3.7Figure3.8Figure4.1Figure4.2Figure4.39Figure4.4Figure4.5Figure4.6Figure4.7Figure4.8Figure4.9Figure4.10Figure4.11Figure4.12Figure4.13Figure4.14Figure4.15Figure4.16Figure5.1Figure5.2Figure5.3Figure5.4Figure5.5Figure5.6Figure5.7Figure5.8Figure5.9Figure5.1010Figure5.11Figure5.12Figure5.13Figure5.14Figure5.15Figure5.16Figure5.17Figure5.18Figure5.19Figure5.20Figure6.1Figure6.2Figure6.3Figure6.4Figure6.5Figure6.6Figure6.7Figure6.8Figure6.9Figure6.10Figure6.11Figure6.12Figure6.1311Figure6.14Figure6.15Figure6.16Figure6.17Figure6.18Figure6.19Figure6.20Figure6.21Figure6.22Figure6.23Figure6.24Figure6.25Figure6.26Figure6.27Figure6.28Figure6.29Figure6.30Figure6.31Figure6.32Figure6.33Figure6.34Figure6.35Figure6.3612Figure7.1Figure7.2Figure7.3Figure7.4Figure7.5Figure7.6Figure7.7Figure7.8Figure7.91314FundamentalsandApplicationsofOrganicElectrochemistrySynthesis,Materials,DevicesToshioFuchigamiandShinsukeInagiDepartmentofElectronicChemistry,TokyoInstituteofTechnology,JapanMahitoAtobeDepartmentofEnvironmentandSystemSciences,YokohamaNationalUniversity,Japan1516Thiseditionfirstpublished2015©2015JohnWiley&Sons,LtdAnearlierversionofthisworkwaspublishedintheJapaneselanguagebyCoronaPublishingCo.Ltdunderthetitle©ToshioFuchigami,MahitoAtobeandShinsukeInagi,2012RegisteredofficeJohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdomFordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat