MBR处理生活污水启动阶段的膜污染分析与对策

MBR孙磊1,2,王琳1,元新艳1,李世峰1(1.中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100;2.希伯来大学农业食品环境质量科学学院,以色列):采用一体化膜生物反应器处理青岛市崂山偏远山区的生活污水,分析了启动阶段的膜污染原因并提出了相应对策试验结果表明,由于进水COD浓度偏低接种污泥浓度较高及水力停留时间较长,导致反应器中污泥负荷远远低于0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd),从而造成启动阶段污泥出现严重的解体及其活性大幅降低,致使膜通量显著降低(上清液溶解性微生物产物中多糖类物质是膜污染产生的主要原因,采用空曝和次氯酸钠联合清洗方法可使膜通量得到较好的恢复)试验结果还表明,当进水COD浓度较低时,在膜生物反应器启动阶段通过控制接种污泥浓度,保证污泥负荷0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd),并在接种污泥驯化完成后再放入膜组件,可避免严重的膜污染出现:膜生物反应器;膜污染;启动阶段;多糖;蛋白质:X703.1:C:1000-4602(2008)21-0067-04:(LJC[2007]3020);AnalysisandCountermeasuresonMembraneFoulinginStartupStageofMembraneBioreactorinTreatmentofDomesticSewageSUNLei1,2,WANGLin1,YUANXinyan1,LIShifeng1(1.CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,OceanUniversityofChina,Qingdao266100,China;2.FacultyofAgricultural,FoodandEnvironmentalQualitySciences,HebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel)Abstract:Theintegratedmembranebioreactor(MBR)wasusedtotreatdomesticsewagefromremoteLaoshanmountainareaofQingdao,thereasonsformembranefoulinginstartupstageofMBRwereanalyzed,andtherelevantcountermeasureswereputforward.TheresultsshowthatduetolowconcentrationoftheinfluentCOD,highconcentrationofinoculatedsludgeandlongHRT,thesludgeloadislessthan0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd)whichcausestheseveresludgedisintegrationandtheconsiderableactivityreductioninthestartupstageandthesignificantdecreaseofmembraneflux.Thepolysaccharidesinsolublemicroorganismproductaremainlyresponsibleformembranefouling.Afteraerationandsodiumhypochloritecleaning,themembranefluxisrecoveredremarkably.WhentheinfluentCODconcentrationislow,thesludgeloadshouldbecontrolledabove0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd)byadjustinginoculatedsludgeconcentration.Afterthestabilizationoftheinoculatedsludge,themembranemoduleisinstalledintheaeratedbiologicalreactortoavoidseveremembranefoulingrisk.Keywords:membranebioreactor(MBR);membranefouling;startupstage;polysaccharide;protein67第24卷第21期2008年11月中国给水排水CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERVo.l24No.21Nov.2008,,[1],,,(),,1材料和方法11,11Tab.1Characteristicsofmembranemodule()/(mmmmmm)/m2/ku/(Lh-1kPa-1)460270110415010(PES)ABS,,(HRT)20h,,0.8m3/d1.2m3/d,,4mg/L,;,270s30s(),(TMP)(A/A/O),4g/L12DO,pHCHN868ThermoOrionpH,AQ4500ThermoOrion,CODNH3-NSSMLSSMLVSSSOURAPHA[2]CODCOD[3]:6100r/min(2100g)4!10min(SMP),SMP∀;2结果与讨论21,(F/M)0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd),(20h),SOUR37.25mgO2/(gMLVSSh)20.29mgO2/(gMLVSSh),4g/L2g/LMASTERSIZE2000,104m59m,,,11Fig.1Variationofspecifictransmembranefluxduringstartupperiod22,(2),14dSMP116.5CODCOD,68第24卷第21期中国给水排水(PES),,22,30%100~150ku,,,2Tab.2MWdistributionofpolysaccharidesinsupernatant/ku150100~15050~10010~50101-(CS-CE150)/CS(CE150-CE100)/CS(CE150-CE100)/CS(CE100-CE50)/CSCE10/CS/%43.2~48.728.2~30.61.2~1.522.5~23.50~0.05:CS;CE150;CE100CE50CE101005010ku2314d,,2g/L,33Tab.3MembranecleaningmethodsandspecifictransmembranefluxrecoveryTMP/105Pa/(10-5Lh-1Pa-1)-0.12-0.1462098014d-0.18-0.21150360-0.15-0.23320650400mg/L1h-0.14-0.20460820400mg/L2h-0.16-0.22560930200mg/L24h-0.13-0.176109705d2g/L,110d,1.9~2.2g/L,0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd),(4),820L/(h105Pa),4Tab.4InfluentandeffluentqualityandpollutantsremovalefficiencyofintegratedMBRCOD/(mgL-1)NH3-N/(mgL-1)SS/(mgL-1)/NTUpH68~10237~7890~15010.2~52.27.2~8.521~48(30%~80%)2.6~4.2(90%~96%)0.2(99%)0.5(95%)7.4~8.2:3结论和建议#,:(下转第73页)69孙磊,等:MBR处理生活污水启动阶段的膜污染分析与对策第24卷第21期NH+4-N,:,20~30!,15!,[4],9~16!,;,,CCOD,NH+4-NB,B,,CNH+4-N,;BNH+4-N,99.33%,,NH+4-NB,CNH+4-N,,,,,3结论#,;,,∃,BCO/BAFCODC,NH+4-NB%CCOD80%,BNH+4-N90%,,,27d&CB914dCOD,CODCNH+4-N,BNH+4-N,14,NH+4-N,99.33%,NH+4-N0.2mg/L:[1],.[M].:,2003.[2].[M].:,1997.[3],.[J].,2001,23(1):59-61,75.[4],,,.∀∀∀[M].:,2004.:[phone]:2008-06-25(上接第69页)∃,COD,,,,SMP,%COD,,(F/M)0.05kgCOD/(kgMLSSd),3~5dSOUR,,&(),,:[1],.[M].:,2003.[2]APHA.StandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater(20thedition)[M].Washington,DC:AmericanPublicHealthAssociation,1998.[3]MengFG,YangFL,ShiBQ,etal.Acomprehensivestudyonmembranefoulinginsubmergedmembranebioreactorsoperatedunderdifferentaerationintensities[J].SepPurifTechno,l2008,59:91-100.E-mail:[e-mail]:2008-04-0273王洪禧,等:接触氧化/BAF工艺处理城市生活污水的挂膜研究第24卷第21期