人教版高中英语必修二语法：被动语态

GrammarandUsagebe+p.p.amberroomwasstolenstealHoldOlympicswasheld动词语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态:＋＋主语be+过去分词by+宾语Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动）Anewbridgewillbebuilt(bythem)overtheriver.（被动）被动语态:助动词be+done(及物动词的过去分词)[注意]①句子的时态不能变。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。③主谓一致Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.（被动）Lookatthefollowingsentences.Pointouttheverb,thesubjectandtheobjectineachoftheseWekeepfoodinthefridge.Theboybroketheglass.Now,pleaseswitchthepositionofsubjectandobjectandchangetheformoftheverb.ChangethemintothepassivevoiceThefoodiskeptbyusinthefridge.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.肯定句，否定句及疑问句如下。CarsaremadeinChangchun.CarsarenotmadeinChangchun.---ArecarsmadeinChangchun?(---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.)Wherearecarsmade?Readtext-2Whencanweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨八点收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。被动语态使用方法Article1_popwin_title3.为了更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedtobuildanewcarfactorylastmonth.Anewcarfactorywasagreedtobuildlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.Youmustclosethewindows.Thewindowsmustbeclosed.Theviewercantouchtheobjects.Theobjectscanbetouched.(Wecanusemodalverbsinthepassivevoicetotalkaboutability,possibility,duty,permission,etc.)Modalverb+bedone时态主动语态被动语态(be+过去分词）一般现在时see/seesam(is,are)+seen一般过去时sawwas(were)+seen一般将来时will(shall)+seewill(shall)+be+seen过去将来时would(should)+seewould(should)+be+seen现在进行时am(is,are)+seeingam(is,are)+being+seen过去进行时was(were)+seeingwas(were)+being+seen现在完成时have(has)+seenhave(has)+been+seen过去完成时had+seenhad+been+seen含情态动词情态动词+see情态动词+be+seen以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式3).Sharonwillbringsomebooks.Aletterisbeingwrittenbyyou.2).Youarewritingaletter.1).Thecatplaystheball.Haveatry:Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice.Theballisplayedbythecat.SomebookswillbebroughtbySharon.Somepictureshadbeenpaintedbyusbeforeyoucame.6).Wehadpaintedsomepicturesbeforeyoucame.HerhomeworkwasbeingdonebyJane.5).Janewasdoingherhomework.Abagwasbroughtformebymymum.4).Mymumboughtabagforme.Practice:Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:1).I_________(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.2).English________(find)veryuseful.3).Thepicture___________(finish)tomorrow.4).Specialglovesmust_______(wear).5).Arealsenseofachievementandhappinessmay______(feel).wasgivenisfoundwillbefinishedbewornbefeltPractice:1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_____toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged2.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_____toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded3.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2008.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompletedDDC4.Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated5.Nopermissionhas_________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.(MET88)A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begivingDA6.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,therooms_________.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingA