北京地区人工湿地植物活力及污染物去除能力

＊王庆海1,2　段留生1＊＊　武菊英2　阳　娟3(1,100094;2,100097;3,430070)　　研究了北京地区常见9种水生植物在水平流潜流型人工湿地中的污染物去除能力和生活力.结果表明,前边湿地单元对COD、TP、TN等污染物的去除贡献大于后边湿地单元.供试植物均可在人工湿地中正常生长,稳定生长112d后,不同植物的氮磷含量和生物量差异显著(P0.05),多数植物氮磷含量地下部高于地上部,地下地上部生物量比(U/A)接近或大于1.植物体内的氮磷累积量为1.36～7.89g·m-2和0.19～1.07g·m-2.植物生物量对氮磷累积量的影响力大于氮磷含量对氮磷累积量的影响力.水生鸢尾应为北京地区首选人工湿地植物,菖蒲、香蒲和荻等次之.泽泻和芦竹在人工湿地中不能越冬成活.　人工湿地　水生植物　去氮除磷　生活力　北京地区　1001-9332(2008)05-1131-07　　Q948　　AGrowthvitalityandpollutants-removalabilityofplantsinconstructedwetlandinBeijingre-gion.WANGQing-hai1,2,DUANLiu-sheng1,WUJu-ying2,YANGJuan3(1CollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100094,China;2BeijingResearchDe-velopmentCenterforGrassandEnvironment,BeijingAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences,Beijing10097,China;3CollegeofPlantScienceandTechnology,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan430070,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2008,19(5):1131-1137.Abstract:NineaquaticplantspeciescommonlyfoundinnorthernChinaweretransplantedinahor-izontalsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandinBeijingregiontostudytheirgrowthvitalityinthewet-landandtheirremovalabilitytothepollutantsindomesticsewage.Theresultsshowedthatthewet-land'sfrontunithadgreatercontributiontotheCOD,TNandTPremovalthantherearones,andalltestplantspeciescouldgrowwellinthewetland.Aftergrowingfor112days,differentplantspe-cieshadsignificantdifferencesintheirNandPcontentsandtotalbiomass(P0.05).Formostspecies,theNandPcontentswerehigherinundergroundthaninabovegroundpart,andthebio-massratioofunder-/abovegroundpart(U/A)wasclosetoorexceeded1.TheaccumulatedNandPintheplantsrangedfrom1.36to7.89g·m-2andfrom0.19to1.07g·m-2,respectively,andtheNandPaccumulationinplantsweremoreaffectedbyplantbiomassthanbyitsNandPcontents.Amongthetestplantspecies,Irispseudacorusrankedthefirstinsettinguptheconstruc-tedwetland,followedbyTyphaangustifolia,Acoruscalamus,andTriarrhenasacchariflora,where-asAlismaplantago-aquaticaandArundodonaxwerenotrecommendedduetotheirsensitivityincoldwinterinnorthernChina.Keywords:constructedwetland;aquaticplant;nitrogenandphosphorusremoval;growthvitality;Beijingregion.＊(2006B03)(Z07090500550728).＊＊.E-mail:[e-mail]2007-09-24,2008-02-19.　　,、、、,、[1-2]、[3]、[4-6]、[7]、[8],、[9],[10],.[6].,,,,　20085　19　5　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,May2008,19(5):1131-1137DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2008.0161.,、,[2]..,,,[11-12].,,,,.1　1.1　,,.3,30m×30m×0.6m,(10cm),,,15cm,(2～3cm),20cm,(5～6cm),15cm(1).270m3·d-1,4d.1.2　20065,9,,3,100m2..,60%.1.3　112d,3,1m×1m,、,,.400mg、H2SO4-H2O2,,,..2007.、.1.4　2,[13],COD、KN()、NO3--N()、TN()TP(),.1.5　Excel2003,SAS(V8.2)(Duncan'sMultipleRangeTest)、.2　2.1　1,NPⅤ,3,,Ⅲ.CODⅢ,3,Ⅰ..1　Fig.1　Diagramofconstructedwetland.1132　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　191　Tab.1　CharacteristicsofthewaterinconstructedwetlandNO3--N(mg·L-1)KN(mg·L-1)TP(mg·L-1)CODCr(mg·L-1)Inlet4.951.770.5316.4Outletofunit12.761.050.214.0Outletofunit21.730.680.171.6Outletofunit30.640.260.140.8Removalpercentageofunit1(%)44.240.760.475.6Removalpercentageofunit2(%)37.335.219.060.0Removalpercentageofunit3(%)63.061.817.650.0Totalremovalpercentage(%)87.185.373.695.1　　3,(2).3,TN.3,,.2.2　9,(2).9,.,(Alismaplantago-aquatica)8,9,,,0,,.(Scirpusplaniculmis)2　Fig.2　Contributionratetopollutantremovalofeverywetlandunit.2　Tab.2　GrowthvitalityofplantsintheconstructedwetlandPlantSurvivalrate(%)Overwinteringsurvivalrate(%)Growingperiod(d)A.plantago-aquatica1000138S.planiculmis100100184L.salicaria10094214I.pseudacorus100100235T.augustifolia10092209A.calamus100100199Phragmitescommunis10082190T.sacchariflora10086220A.donax10002187～10d,,10,.(Acoruscalamus)(Typhaaugustifolia)10,.(Lythrumsalicaria)(Irispseudacorus)10,,,.,,.(Triarrhenasacchariflora)10,.,,.(Arun-dodonax)10,,0,.2.3　8(,,,),20061020,3.93.0～599.0g·m-2.,,7(P0.05,);,、.,6;,.:、,、,.,.0.38～4.48,,,.,,.11335　　　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　3　Tab.3　BiomassandheightofplantsintheconstructedwetlandPlantHeight(m)Abovegroundbiomass(A,g·m-2)Undergroundbiomass(U,g·m-2)Totalbiomass(g·m-2)U/AS.planiculmis0.75±0.30c23.70±23.06d69.30±54.09d93.00±77.06c4.48L.salicaria0.91±0.04bc79.60±30.59c92.60±43.58d172.20±72.83c1.16I.pseudacorus1.17±0.04abc311.65±9.26a287.35±13.79a599.00±23.05a0.92T.augustifolia1.57±0.59a141.47±21.58c252.78±47.86ab394.24±58.36b1.81A.calamus0.77±0.1c82.80±12.19c310.70±33.70a393.50±38.32b3.80P.communis1.10±0.3abc81.90±60.84c131.00±57.40cd212.90±111.56c2.21T.sacchariflora1.54±0.2ab218.00±99.78b183.20±49.94bc401.20±143.86b0.93A.donax1.71±0.01a319.30±92.07a121.00±29.42cd440.30±121.48b0.38(P0.05)ThesameletterswithinonecolumnmeantnosignificantdifferencebyDuncan'snewmultiplerangetestat0.05level;U/A:/Undergroundbiomass/Abovegroundbiomass.2.4　、、8,(3).,6.7;、、、;,.,.,;,,5.8(4).3　(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)Fig.3　Aboveground(Ⅰ)andunderground(Ⅱ)concentra-tionsofnitrogen(N)inplantsinconstructedwetlandinBeijingdistrict.A:S.planiculmis;B:L.salicaria;C:I.pseudacorus;D:T.augustifolia;E:A.calamus;F:P.communis;G:T.sacchariflora;H:A.donax.(P0.05)Thesameletterswith-inmeantnosignificantdifferencebyDuncan'snewmultiplerangetestat0.05level.Thesamebelow.4　(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)Fig.4　Abo