北京市大气细颗粒物PM25的来源研究

:2004-09-09:(2003AA641040):(1974-),,,,.3PM2151,13,1,2(1.,100871;2.,100012):200020013PM215,(OC)(EC),CMBPM215,PM215,19891990,10PM215:PM215;;CMB;:X513:A:1001-6929(2005)05-0001-05SourceIdentificationofAmbientPM2.5inBeijingZHUXian2lei1,ZHANGYuan2hang1,ZENGLi2min1,WANGWei2(1.CollegeofEnvironmentalSciences,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China;2.ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China)Abstract:PM2.5sampleswerecollectedatLianda,YufangyuanandHuankeyuaninBeijingduring20002001,andelements,ions,OCPEC,andorganiccompoundsweredetermined.Achemicalmassbalance(CMB)receptormodelusingPAHsandsomeinorganiccompoundsastracerswasappliedinthisstudytoapportionsourcecontributionstoambientPM2.5inBeijing.TheresultsshowedthatthemajorsourcesofPM2.5inBeijingwerecoalburning,dust,vehicleexhaust,constructiondust,biomassburning,secondarysulfateandnitrate,andorganicmatter.Thevariationofsourcecontributionswasnotsignificantamongthesamplingsites,butdistinctseasonalitywasobservedforthesourcesofcoalcombustion,dust,biomassburning,andsecondarysulfateandnitrate.Acomparisonwiththeresultsobtainedin19891990indicatedthatsourcecontributionstoPM2.5werechangingduringthedecade.Keywords:PM2.5;sourceapportionment;CMBreceptormodel;polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs),[1],,,,,,,,3:(CMB),(USEPA)[2]CMB[3-4],,,()(EC)Schauer[5-6]2090(organictracertechnique),(OC),CMB[5]SanJoaquin[7][8],(PAHs),PM2151111PM215185ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.18,No.5,2005©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),2km,500m,,,,300m,3,,,500m,2#4,100m,,2#30m200042430,81825,103011420011914,3PM215,6d,,:MOUDI-100(MSP),A-245(SIREE),PM215(),TeflonICP-AESTeflonPM215(NH4+,F-,Cl-,NO3-SO42-),PPM215OCEC,GCPMS(PAHs),2000425,2630,2981825,221d,,11,,20011,,111314,112PM215[9],PM215:,SO2,NOx[9][10-11],11PAHs,OCEC,,,1,,,K,OC,ECAl,Ca,NO3-,SO42-NH4+,(1)w(OC)100%11PM2.5Table1SourceprofilesofPM2.5gPg[11]1186[10]2828.4[10]1)157.33[10]44.66[10]0.00.00.0490[10]6512.3[10]1)93.20[10]29.58[10]0.00.00.0[a]1083[10]645.31[10]27.02[10]9.81[10]0.00.00.01794[10]1053.1[10]66.15[10]26.78[10]0.00.00.0[k+b]3755[10]456.66[10]93.00[10]34.22[10]0.00.00.0[e]627[10]504.17[10]84.13[10]30.44[10]0.00.00.0[a]1048[10]617.05[10]31.68[10]8.34[10]0.00.00.0365[10]85.03[10]3.38[10]2.36[10]0.00.00.0[1,2,3-cd]1061[10]223.01[10]28.07[10]8.84[10]0.00.00.0[ghi]836[10]232.61[10]30.45[10]9.40[10]0.00.00.0[a,h]240[10]39.96[10]1.12[10]0.27[10]0.00.00.0OC24800[9]390000[9]0.0[9]186800[9]4840000.00.0EC10700[9]365000[9]1)0.0[9]15700[9]286000.00.0Al47800[9]1)2160[9]42600[9]73100[9]1)1100.00.0Ca4400[9]3373[9]300000[9]1)46500[9]1000.00.0K11000[9]2111[9]16100[9]12100[9]167001)0.00.0NO3-3147[9]64400[9]0.0[9]1100[9]25000.07750001)SO42-263600[9]28000[9]0.0[9]11000[9]25007270001)0.0NH4+200[9]15500[9]0.0[9]100[9]15002730002260001)218©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[12](PMF)1811%1614%,PM2.5[5-8],,,PAHs,,PM2.5516%P(1515%)[9],P,PM215,313%415%1PM2.5Fig.1AnnualmeansourcecontributionsofPM2.5inBeijing916%,SO2NOx,PM215()(SOA),(1510%)PM215Schauer[5]SanJoaquin[7][8]OC,OCSOA,OC1912%3411%PM215w(OC)(w(OC)2214%),SOAPM215610%1016%(OC114),PM2151516%2012%,,212PM215,PM21522,(PM215),120128gPm3;3PM215SÃoPaulo[13],PM215,,2PM215Fig.2VariationsofsourcecontributionsofPM215amongsamplingsitesinBeijing213PM2153PM215,,,2000,,(2mPs)(60%)[14],209035:PM215©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[14],;12,,,Zheng[8],,PM2153PM215Fig.3SeasonalvariationofsourcecontributionsofPM215inBeijing,,PM215,,,,811%,215,319K,[15],K,,,,,,17%,117,215SO2,,,,PM215,414%,1317%1518%SOA[8],(7),SO42-,NO3-NH4+214PM21519891990PM215[16],22,102,198919902000200121989199020002001PM215Table2ComparisonofthesourcecontributionstoPM215between19891990and200020011989199020002001(PM215)P(gm-3)7715125321716.435.715.5[9,17]P5.61)3.3P%24.12)18.14.50.47.73)9.615.01)15.5%P,5.6%PM2.5;2);3)(PM2.5)0.6,77.5gPm3125gPm3,10,,198919902411%(),200020012114%,217%,101P2,SO2[9],,19891990,3517%,PM215EC((EC)1614gPm3);,PM215EC((EC)514gPm3),P1515%[9,17],516%P,418©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(PM215)10,P,,PM215,10,,102;PM215,19891990,PM215OCEC,OCSOA[16],,200020011510%,211,SOA,,(BTXE)1995199820%,19981999128%[18]3a.PM2.5b.3(PM2.5)c.20002001,PM2.5,d.19891990PM2.5,10,,PM2.5:[1].[M].:,1991.164.TangXiaoyan.Atmosphericenvironmentalsciences[M].Beijing:HighEducationalPress,1991.164.[2]OfficeofAirandRadiation,OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards,USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.ProtocolforapplyingandvalidatingtheCMBmodel[M].USEPAResearchTrianglePark,NC:1987.[3]GordonGE.Receptormodels[J].EnvironSciTechnol,1980,14:792-800.[4]GordonGE.Receptormodels[J].EnvironSciTechnol,1988,22:1132-1142.[5]SchauerJJ,RoggeWF,HildemannLM,etal.Sourceapportionmentofairborneparticulatematterusingorganiccompoundsastracers[J].AtmosEnviron,1996,30(22):3837-3855.[6]CassGR.Organicmoleculartracersforparti